Social Performance as a Business Strategy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about Social Performance as a Business Strategy. Answer: Foundation This marketable strategy is about style boutique named Xenia Boutique working in Australia. Xenia Boutique is a little boutique which is working at the nearby level in Australia. Xenia Boutique is the beginning up retail which is selling out in vogue apparel items to ladies. The boutique is situated in Australia which is additionally popular as the traveler goal. The key goal of this boutique is to build up solid brand name with the powerful business. This report gives a compelling marketable strategy to Xenia Boutique so as to fulfill the requirements and needs of the clients (Hoskisson, 2009). Crucial The mission of Xenia Boutique is to give better approach for design to female clients dependent on the quality and styles (Xenia Boutique, 2017). Business objectives The business objectives of Xenia Boutique are to separate itself from existing boutiques in the Australian market. This goal is accomplished by giving beautiful and quality dress items to female clients. The essential target of the boutique is to give incredible shopping experience to the clients. Along these lines, Xenia Boutique is centered around giving the apparel items in all the size and shapes for ladies. Alongside this, the point is to make buying simple, proficient and reasonable for the clients (Payne Holt, 2008). Showcasing Statistical surveying Xenia Boutique targets female clients for its dress items. The present populace of Australia is 24.13 million and there are 54% ladies of all out populace. In this way, it is simple for Xenia Boutique to target ladies by giving them different sorts of garments items so as to fulfill their needs. Ladies consistently look for the garments items those are agreeable just as stylish. Xenia Boutique targets vacationers likewise as Australia is popular among explorers in everywhere throughout the world. Individuals come in Australia to spend their excursions and they appreciate shopping moreover. Along these lines, Xenia Boutique exploits from travelers (Schnaars, 2010). Market examination Design boutique is gainful business in the retail style industry including different changing styles and requests of the clients. The explanation is that clients consistently look for the astounding shopping experience of the shopping. In current time, ladies are doing tasks and they need different garments for generally useful like easygoing wears and business wears. Along these lines, request of the garments items among female clients is high in the retail advertise (Preble Hoffman, 2009). So as to comprehend the necessities of the clients, Xenia Boutique has built up in group so criticism from the significant clients can be assembled. Despite the fact that, there are different built up boutiques in the Australian market however Xenia Boutique is attempting to set up solid brand picture by its powerful advertising techniques (Jones Hayes, 2008). Showcasing plan Items Xenia Boutique has mix of different attire items for ladies clients. The boutique gives wide scope of garments from chosen style fashioners. Organization is likewise utilizing present day style pattern by understanding the necessities and prerequisites of the clients. Ladies are exceptionally cognizant for their garments along these lines, for them boutique has business garments, easygoing wear, formal wear and pants. Alongside this, boutique is likewise giving a few adornments, for example, scarves, belts and caps. The boutique has set worth based valuing structure which gives quality, client administrations, style and simple access of items so as to draw in the clients. Situation As of now, Xenia Boutique is promoting its items by the provincial and nearby forte shops in everywhere throughout the nation. Alongside this, boutique is selling its apparel items by its site and the conveyance accuses are applied of the items. By selling the items through online stores, Xenia Boutique can arrive at more clients and market in a fitting way (Glowik Smyczek, 2011). Evaluating strategy Xenia Boutique has set the costs of the items by keeping the opposition in the psyche. The value scope of Xenia Boutique is moderate and female clients incline toward the value scopes of low to center. Alongside this, the boutique is following interest based evaluating as it ensures that organization can create magnificent brand mindfulness, piece of the pie upgrades and clients inclinations for the brand. Alongside this, advertise infiltration system is likewise utilized by Xenia Boutique to keep the lower cost for the apparel items and to pull in more clients (Gruca Rego, 2009). ICT showcasing and Promotions system Xenia Boutique advances itself in assortment of ways. Data identified with organization and items can be accomplished on direct mailing, web and direct contact. The special endeavors of the organization have expect to separate itself from the rivals in the market. Xenia Boutique depends on the individual contacts with the retailers so as to advance the items. This relationship is useful for the organization to pass on the message to the clients including one of a kind characteristics of items and fabricate connections. Alongside this, Xenia Boutique is likewise concentrating on some limited time exercises for example print ads, TV crusades, electronic E-flayer, and internet based life promotions. In the limited time strategies, boutique is following push procedure for example deals advancement to promote the items towards media channels (Drummond, Ensor Ashford, 2012). Assessment of promoting For Xenia Boutique, there is the need to attract novel advertising system request to manage rivalry in the retail business. The boutique isn't just assembling exceptional garments yet additionally advancing the items with remarkable technique of promoting. For this way, organization should plan to set up solid association with different retailers in the Australian market. By the advertising message, logo and motto, organization can create mindfulness about the garments items among the clients (Dentchev, 2009). Alongside this, Xenia Boutique is building up its solid association in all the significant places in the nation. The organization done by the organization is gainful all together direct different occasions and focus on the purchasers. Xenia Boutique is attempting to extend its business in neighborhood network of Australia. The intelligent ads in the nearby network incorporate media inclusion, regular postal mail showcasing, print notice, and different battles. Along these lines , huge measure of spending plan is designated for the print and communicate media (Joshi, 2009). Activities Lawful and permitting prerequisites So as to work the business in Australian market, there is the need to satisfy some lawful and authorizing process. Most importantly, Xenia Boutique has business enrollment including Australian Business number (ABN), the Goods and Service Tax (GST), and Tax document number (TFN). In Licenses, Xenia Boutique has government licenses, grants, endorsements, codes if practices, gauges and rules so as to keep consistence obligations (Lymbersky, 2009). Hierarchical structure and staffing Xenia Boutique is the private company so; staff in the boutique is likewise little. Proprietors of the organization has position of authority and they are additionally responsible for every day activities in the business for example purchasing crude material, stock administration, managerial obligations and putting forth attempts. The executives theory is utilized by the organization so as to create duty and shared regard. The earth and structure of the boutique increment the profitability of the business. Staff individual from boutique are useful so as to make sure about the business, general upkeep of the crude material and clients benefits viably (Farahmand, 2011). Xenia Boutique enlists the workers and deals staff as the low maintenance representatives. The business partners of the boutique are paid on hourly premise alongside commission too. Alongside this, rewards and offers are additionally given to the staff individuals every year based their presentation survey yearly. Staff individuals from boutique are centered around keeping up advertising in the retail style industry (Cool Schendel, 2010). Protection and security issues There can be different issues in the boutique business identified with protection and security. In the business, there can be issues identified with data security, individual security, physical security, and wellbeing risks. Further, there can be dangers of fire risks, visual examination of premises, catastrophic events, wrongdoing and worker preparing (Lee, 2009). Business premises If there should be an occurrence of Xenia Boutique, the organization is working through online apparatuses and site. Alongside this, organization has its stores additionally where clients can proceed to buy their ideal items. Area is basic to numerous organizations and in the design business, area can shrivel represent the deciding moment a business. Xenia Boutique has its area in Queensland which is the well known piece of Australia for travelers. Individuals come there to spend their get-aways. In this way, plainly the business premises of Xenia Boutique are suitable for the organization to pick up benefit. Hardware required For the matter of boutique, some hardware is required by the organization. So as to maintain the business successfully and limit the effect of hazard, it is essential to have appropriate types of gear and supplies. On the essential level, there are some significant types of gear are stocks for example file organizer, a sheltered, printer, PC, scanner and shredder. As far as types of gear of deals, there is the need of sales register, shopping packs of various sizes, shopping bins and trucks, security mirrors and security frameworks. Alongside this, there is the need of racks, racks, POP shows, holders and sound system (Dant, 2009). Creation forms The way toward changing over texture into planner articles of clothing is portrayed underneath: Structure This is the underlying procedure from the planning stage. There are unique and different examples of apparel which are additionally related t

Contemporary opportunities and problems that confront IBM Company Essay

Contemporary chances and issues that go up against IBM Company - Essay Example According to the investigation the organization which has been chosen is the monster organization which offers types of assistance, for example, framework facilitating just as counseling administrations in a wide scope of territories including the developing advancements, for example, nanotechnology. As a business association, IBM was established in 1911 through a merger of three organizations and has from that point forward developed to turn into a market chief in the registering business. For instance, IBM was as of late positioned to be the biggest U.S firm regarding its market capitalization and number of representatives. The organization has anyway experienced various authoritative changes since its beginning and a portion of these progressions have brought about new difficulties while others have been influenced so as to stay up with the adjustments in the business. The development of IBM as a business association has been confronted with the two chances and issues in the ongoi ng past and even today. The organization needs character the execution checks in this effective processor considerably decrease the store size by four or multiple times which has made the end of l3 reserve an issue just as diminished the issue of decrease of guidance execution width to one. Notwithstanding various difficulties, for example, expanded rivalry from its market rivals, IBM has kept on pulling together its business techniques into taking focal points of the various open doors for development that have been seen in the processing business. Some the ongoing key regions of vital ventures for the organization incorporate key acquisitions, keeping up administration in innovation just as creating customer and industry explicit answers for its developing client base.

Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for Eating Disorders

Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Treatment Print Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for Eating Disorders Will it work for my family member? By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 20, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 Todd Warnock / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Family-based treatment (FBT, also sometimes referred to as the Maudsley method) is a leading treatment for adolescent eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED). It is a manualized treatment delivered by trained professionals. It is primarily delivered in outpatient settings, although there are some residential and partial hospitalization (PHP) programs that incorporate FBT. While FBT may not be for every family, research shows that it is highly effective and faster to act than many other treatments. It should therefore usually be considered as a first-line approach to treatment for children, adolescents, and some young adults with eating disorders.?? A Break from Traditional Treatment Approaches FBT represents a radical departure from more traditional treatments. Older theories about anorexia and eating disorders, advanced by Hilde Bruch?? and others, ascribed their onset to family enmeshment or other dysfunction within the family. Mothers were believed to be the primary cause of the eating disorders of their children, as they were in the case of schizophrenia and autism. The typical treatment instructed parents to step aside and turn their children with anorexia over to individual treatment or residential treatment centersâ€"an approach we now know to have been, in many cases, detrimental to both the families and the patients. Recent research has debunked the theory of parental causation of eating disorders, just as it has for schizophrenia and autism. Genetic studies indicate that approximately 50 to 80 percent  of a persons risk of an eating disorder is due to genetic factors. The literature has rediscovered older starvation studies demonstrating that a number of characteristic behaviors of anorexia are actually the result of malnutrition that accompanies  anorexia. It is also believed that many clinicians made a basic selection bias error: observing the dynamics of families as they were seeking treatment, clinicians naturally saw families locked in a life-and-death struggle over food. This struggle is, however, a symptom of the disorder, not a causeâ€"in the years preceding the eating disorder, their dynamics likely looked no different than other families. Acknowledging that the weight of evidence had shifted, in 2010, the Academy for Eating Disorders published a position paper specifically refuting the idea that family factors are a primary mechanism in the development of an eating disorder.?? This is a positive shift because it has resulted in the greater inclusion of parents in treatment in general and greater acceptance of and demand for FBT. FBT Is Not the Same as Family Therapy FBT should not be confused with the similarly-named but potentially fundamentally different approaches under the umbrella of family therapy. Traditional family therapy often takes the view that the child with an eating disorder is expressing a family problem. It focuses on identifying and solving that problem in order to cure the eating disorder. This approach has not been supported by research and is challenged by the AED position paper. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the clinicians at the Maudsley Hospital in London, England, conceived a very different form of family therapy, treating parents as a resource, not a source of harm. The Maudsley team has continued to develop and teach the approach, which they do not refer to as the Maudsley approach, but as anorexia-focused family therapy. Meanwhile Drs. Daniel Le Grange and James Lock further developed the model in a manual (published in 2002?? and updated in 2013), naming their manualized version Family-Based Treatment (FBT). The FBT approach is rooted in aspects of behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, and structural family therapy. Lock and Le Grange have established the Training Institute for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders,?? an organization that trains therapists in this treatment and maintains a list of certified therapists and therapists in training. Principles of FBT FBT takes an agnostic view of the eating disorder, meaning therapists do not try to analyze why the eating disorder developed. FBT does not blame families for the disorder. On the contrary, it presumes the powerful bond between parents and child and empowers the parents to use their love to help their child. Parents are viewed as experts on their child, an essential part of the solution, and members of the treatment team. In FBT, the eating disorder is viewed as an external force that is possessing the child. Parents are asked to join with the healthy part of the child against the eating disorder which is threatening to take their child away. Full nutrition is viewed as a critical first step in recovery; the role of parents is to provide this nutrition by actively feeding their child. FBT sessions usually involve the entire family and include at least one family meal in the therapist’s office. This gives the therapist an opportunity to observe the behaviors of different family members during a meal and to coach the parents to help their child eat. Because patients with eating disorders may present with medical complications, they should be monitored by a physician during the course of treatment. Three Phases of FBT FBT has three phases: Phase 1: Full parental control. Parents are usually in complete charge of meals as they help their child to reestablish regular patterns of eating and interrupt problematic eating disorder behaviors such as bingeing, purging, and overexercise. If weight gain is indicated, the goal is 1 to 2 pounds per week. The therapist works to empower the parents to take on these tasks and helps the parents learn to manage the child at mealtimes.  Phase 2: A  gradual return of control to the adolescent. This phase typically begins once weight is mostly restored, when meals are going more smoothly, and when behaviors are more under control. Control is gradually handed back to the adolescent in an age-appropriate manner: for example, the child may start to have some meals or snacks away from the parent. There can be backsliding and parents may have to reassert control from time to time until the adolescent is fully ready; this is part of the process.Phase 3: Establishing healthy independence. When t he adolescent is able to eat with an age-appropriate level of independence and does not exhibit eating disorder behaviors, the focus of treatment shifts to helping them develop a healthy identity and catch up on other developmental issues. Other comorbid problems may be addressed. The family is helped to reorganize now that the child is healthier. Advantages of FBT Brain starvation can cause anosognosia, a lack of awareness that one is ill. As a result, there can be a long time lag before the minds of adolescents in recovery are capable of the motivation or insight to maintain their own recovery. FBT assigns the work of behavioral change and full nutrition to the parents and gives them skills and coaching to meet these goals. As a result, it helps the child to recover even before they have the capacity to do so on their own. Because it tends to work faster than other treatments, FBT reduces medical repercussions and increases the chances of a complete recovery. It allows the child to remain at home with their parents and is often more cost-effective?? than residential treatment. Research on FBT Research has shown that adolescents who receive FBT recover at higher rates than adolescents who receive individual therapy: A study out of the University of Chicago and Stanford?? shows that at the end of a course of FBT, two-thirds of adolescents with anorexia nervosa have recovered; 75 percent  to 90 percent are weight-recovered at a five-year follow-up.A recent study compared FBT for bulimia nervosa with CBT for bulimia nervosa. The findings indicated that FBT led to faster and sustained abstinence rates for the teens.??Preliminary research and case studies also indicate that FBT is an acceptable approach for young adults. FBT appears to be most effective for families in which the length of illness is less than three years. An early positive response to the treatment (commonly by week four) is prognostic of a long-term successful outcome. FBT Is Not for Every Family   Parents often believe that FBT will not work for them. “My child is too old.” “My child is too independent.” “I’m not strong enough.” “We are too busy.” Yet none of these issues have shown to necessarily be a barrier for a successful FBT treatment execution. Research and clinical experience demonstrate that many diverse families are able to successfully implement FBT. However, it is not for every family. It is rigorous and requires a strong commitment by the family members. It is not recommended for families in which the parents are physically or sexually abusive or are abusing substances. It may also not be recommended for families in which the parents are overly critical. For families where parents tend to be critical, a variation of FBT, called separated FBT, can be a great option.?? In this approach, the therapist meets only with the parents while the childs weight is monitored by medical personnel. A Word From Verywell The above exceptions represent only a minority of cases. Families who have used this approach are generally very enthusiastic and grateful to have been a part of the solution. Helping to play an active role in your childs recovery can be a very rewarding experience.

Annotated Bibliography On Effects Of Diversity On Business...

Annotated Bibliography: Effects of diversity on business and communications Bilimoria, D. (2007). Handbook on women in business and management. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. This complete Handbook specifically presents commissioned unique essays on the communal roles and contexts women face in management and business, women’s role as leaders in management and business, procedures of the organization influencing women, work-life issues and particular career women’s issues in the fields. These essays assist in shedding light on the existing practices and structures of the organizations and society which facilitate or constrain the success, quality of life, treatment, and representation of women. hence, it is worth reading as it expounds well on the topic. Godwyn, M. (2015). Ethics and diversity in business management education: A sociological study with international scope. Springer. This book discusses business education from social humanities and sciences, particularly ethics and sociology’s perception. This book offers in particular the unusual mixture of business management education and liberal arts that are used to explore the ways aspects of business education may be linked to and responsible for the wealth distribution that presently lead the global economy. By interviewing the graduates around the world, the attendance of classes of business ethics, the classroom materials examination and members of the faculty of business ethics, the author manages to presentShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography: Workplace Absenteeism or Anxiety and Depression5481 Words   |  22 PagesQuestion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 8 5. A List of Key Terms amp; Definitions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 6. Annotated Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 a. List of 6 (Best) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 b. List of 2 (Non-research based)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 c. List of 2 (Irrelevant) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 7. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 8. References / Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Introduction The topics for this individual assignment are: Workplace absenteeismRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography Employee Engagement4499 Words   |  18 PagesTable of content 1. Introduction 2 2. Annotated Bibliography 2 3. Analysis 9 4. Recommendations for practice 12 5. Conclusion 12 References 13 â€Æ' 1. Introduction Employee engagement (EE) is an essential part of organizational life and of paramount interest to human resource management (HRM) professionals in the banking industry due to its influence on the organizational outcomes. 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Analysis Of The Movie Hamilton - 1038 Words

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The opening weekend gross sales ($ millions), the total gross sales ($ millions), the number of theatres the movie was shown in, and the number of weeks the motion picture was in the top 60 for gross sales are common variables used to measure the success of a motion picture. Data collected for a sample of 100 motion pictures produced in 2005 are contained inRead MoreStatistics: Credit Card and Pelican Stores1389 Words   |  6 Pagesstudios produce a total of 300 to 400 new motion pictures each year, and the financial success of each motion picture varies considerably. The opening weekend gross sales ($ millions), the total gross sales ($ millions), the number of theatres the movie was shown in, and the number of weeks the motion picture was in the top 60 for gross sales are common variables used to measure the success of a motion picture. Data collected for a sample of 100 motion pictures produced in 2005 are contained in theRead MoreExploring A Career Within Entertainment Management1483 Words   |  6 Pagesfit. The elements investigated include job responsibilities, skills for success, and an overview of the industry. Also included in the research is a discussion of professional organizations, industry publications, career opportunities, and a self-analysis. This research is based on textbooks, academic articles, journals, and an interview with an industry professional. Job Responsibilities Those with a background in entertainment management might take on different roles within the hospitality andRead MorePlot Of The Film The Night On Amity Island 1689 Words   |  7 Pages000. The mayor finally admits there is a problem and hires him for the job. Technical Composition of the Movie Gottlieb Benchley (2010) point out that â€Å"Jaws† was directed by Steven Spielberg. Starring in the movie included Craig Kingsbury, Jeffrey Voorhees, Lee Fierro, Jay Mello, Chris Robello, Ted Grossman, Jonathan Filley, Susan Backlinie, Jeffrey Kramer, Carl Gottlieb, Murray Hamilton, Lorraine Gary, Richard Dreyfuss, Robert Shaw, and Roy Scheider. The director of the film, Spielberg, appliedRead MoreEssay on Mise-En-Scene in the Wizard of Oz1051 Words   |  5 Pagesin The Wizard of Oz (Victor Fleming, 1939), specifically during the scene where Dorothy (Judy Galand) has been locked in the Wicked Witch of the Wests (Margaret Hamilton) castle room by herself; many aspects of mise-en-scene are noticeable. Many of the elements of the scene she is in contribute to her state and other aspects of the movie. The setting and props of the film all seem to centralize to where she is and how she got there. The light focus just on Dorothy but also amplifies the intensity

Richardson Family Murder Case Free Essays

For this project I wanted to do a Canadian case that for a lot of people speaks close to home including me because it happened in Alberta. I choose the Richardson family  murder case because this murder occurred in Medicine Hat Alberta and they used the Youth Criminal Justice Act for sentencing 12 year old J.R. We will write a custom essay sample on Richardson Family Murder Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now   In 2006 Medicine Hat Alberta, the parents of J.R and 8 year old brother are found stabbed to death in their house. When Investigators begin to look around the house for  clues they notice that their is a 12 year old girl in a family photo and her body is  nowhere to be found. They believed that the girl was kidnapped by the killer and began the search to look for the young teen. Investigators of the case began to search places that would be relevant to the young girl like her school and searched her locker and found a stick drawing of the girls house on fire with her family in it and her running to her boyfriends truck. She then became the main suspect in this case and investigators began to look for her and her boyfriend. Why did this happen and what happened to make these awful events occur you may ask? Teachers described J.R as a good Catholic school girl before she started to be interested into the more darker things and became a goth. While her other goth friends would follow the Catholic schools dress codes J.R would constantly be breaking the dress codes and rebelling against her school. During this time she fell for a unemployed high school dropout named Jeremy Steinke who was 23. According to his friends he said he believed he was a 300 year old werewolf and carried a vile of blood around his neck. One of the most disturbing things about their relationship was that it was a sexually active relationship which is was illegal because the age of consent in alberta at the time for her age was that she could be sexually active but only if her partner was two years older. Many people were afraid of J.R including her other goth friends, this made her feel powerful and she liked the idea of scaring people. Her world revolved around her boyfriend and their relationship was kept secret for a while but eventually her family found out and her parents were furious. Once their relationship was revealed to her parents she was banned to see him and this was their mistake and would ultimately lead to there deaths. This is when J.R and her boyfriend started to plan the  murders of her family. Jeremy snuck into the basement of the Richardson family home and waited to attack. In the middle of the night J.R’s mother hears something in the basement and goes downstair to see what it is and this is when Jeremy attacks her  stabbing her multiple times. After hearing screaming from the basement J.R’s father runs downstairs to the basement and this is when he also is attacked by Jeremy. Meanwhile upstair J.R holds her scared little brother when her boyfriend comes upstairs from murdering her parents and murders her little brother so he won’t have to live without parents. Freedom for these two killers after the crime was very short and they were caught no less the 24 hours after the horrific murders. Since Jeremy Steinke is a adult he was tried as an adult and was sentenced to life in prison meanwhile since J.R was a minor she was put under the Y.C.J.A and was given the longest juvenile sentence which was 10 year. Many people were angry about her sentencing and felt that she deserved to serve a longer sentence but since she was a minor thats the longest she could stay in prison and she is currently out of prison under a different name and in therapy for her past actions. The now 24 year old is out of prison living a normal life and is currently attending Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta. I feel the legal decision in this case was done very well and I agree with the outcome of this case. I do believe that Jeremy Steinke’s sentencing was fair because he was the adult in this case meanwhile since J.R was 12 at the time and was affected by her boyfriend I believe it was good that she got a second chance. In conclusion this crime was horrific and I feel very sorry for the family and friends of the victims involved. This case is a good example of mensa rea because they had the intention to kill and commit this wrongful act. I think this case is a good example of both  adult sentencing and young offender sentencing just because we get to see both being used in one case. Resources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN0qXAEkBoQt=599s https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/jasmine-richardson-walks-free-a-de  cade-after-as-a-12yearold-she-and-werewolf-boyfriend-massacred-her-family/news-stor   /f826a2b4efb359bd02b53c4066234bae How to cite Richardson Family Murder Case, Papers

The end novel Essay Example For Students

The end novel Essay By the end of this novel, Fagin is no longer a two dimensional racial stereotype but a character for whom the audience has considerable sympathy. Discuss.  Oliver Twist was the second novel of Charles Dickens. It was initially published in monthly instalments that began in February of 1837 and ended in April of 1939. The book has been criticised for anti-Semitism since Fagin is frequently referred to as the Jew. At the time many Jews, who had fled to England from persecution abroad, were so discriminated against by the law that they became travelling salesmen and stallholders. In these trades it was very easy to drift into receiving and selling stolen goods. The Jewish thiefs characterizations do seem to owe much to ethnic stereotypes. We will write a custom essay on The end novel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The first time Oliver meets Fagin is when The Artful Dodger takes him away from the bitter cold of London to his den. From the very first time we hear about Fagin, Dickens gives the reader reasons to believe he is an evil, villainous-looking man. For example, at the start of chapter 8 we see Fagin standing over them, with a toasting fork in his hand. This gives the images of a devil holding a fork in his hand. In addition to this, Dickens gives Fagin the term of merry old gentlemen which is also a term for the devil. From this we get the impression Fagin is an ugly man. His repulsive face was obscured by a quantity of matted red hair and he was dressed in a greasy flannel gown, would give the reader the impression that his face was so awful, you could not bare to look at it. The way he presented himself suggested his hygiene was poor since he was greasy. The character of Fagin is simpering but he also gives the impression of a powerful man. The Jew grinned, and, making a low obeisance to Oliver, took him by the hand, and hoped he should have the honour of his intimate acquaintance. The way Fagin grins puts over negativity rather than a smile. The Jew believed that Oliver should be honoured to be welcomed by his intimate contact because of the power he had over the other boys showing that he is very dominant. This illustrates that he is very proud of the children he has brought up to be pickpockets. However, in reality we know that bringing up small boys to steal is something to be frowned upon. Certainly, this shows Fagin is swollen with pride with things of no worth. Fagin is seen as a child abuser when we examine the way he treats the boys in the den. He allows children of a young age to smoke long clay pipes, and drink spirits with the air of middle-age men. This gives the impression that the boys are being robbed of their youth at a very young age. Without a doubt, a humane person would not strip the youngsters of their childhood. At first Fagin doesnt want Oliver to know what he is really like. He uses repetition of the word very in the context of him being glad to meet Oliver. He also refers to Oliver as my dear which is an endearing term. Surely, only a kind-hearted man, who loved children, would refer to a small boy as this. However, we see that the Jew deliberately put Oliver to sleep by drugging him with a glass of hot gin-and-water. It would suggest that Fagin wanted Oliver to get a good first impression of him, before it was too late for Oliver, and then he was able to see the real side of him. .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f , .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .postImageUrl , .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f , .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f:hover , .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f:visited , .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f:active { border:0!important; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f:active , .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9700e5cb729876998e98521801807b7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeares Hamlet EssayFagin is a liar. Oliver is caught looking at the handkerchiefs, but the Jew reassures him by saying weve just looked em out, ready for the wash; thats all, Oliver. Clearly, though this is not true, and we find out later in the book that Fagin orders the boys to pickpocket these possessions. This could indicate once again that Fagin wanted to firstly show a different personality that Oliver would like, before he showed his real self.  Fagin is very cautious of his belongings and the things which make him feel wealthy. He turned round and looked at Oliver to make sure he was not going to be disturbed. He stepped gently to the door: which he fastened, demonstrates the precautions he takes, and the fact the he wants to be alone. His selfishness is displayed if he is going to keep all his treasures for himself, especially since he has not really earned them. Fagin appears a horrible person as he thinks that putting people to death is a good thing. The Jew tells us What a fine thing capital punishment is! Dead men never repent; dead men never bring awkward stories to light. He is basically saying that he has got his wealth through other people, and if any of the boys were to find this out, he could just strung em up in a row. This is an awful image to think that anyone would execute children because they found out the truth. Fagin is a very angry man. When he realises that Oliver may have seen his treasures there is a loud crash which he makes as he closes the lid of the box. His scowling fiercely and threatening attitude shows that his temper has been released when things dont go the way he wants. Fagins praising of capital punishment when he picks up a bread knife and started furiously up. This implies that he would murder for wealth because if he found out Oliver had seen him looking at his jewels, and thought that he might tell someone, Oliver would die. Dickens portrays Fagin as very self-centred since he only thinks of himself. The Jew has all these pretty things which he says They theyre mine, Oliver; my little property. This misled Oliver because Fagin said All I have to live upon in my old age suggesting that because he is old he is also poor and Oliver would feel sympathy for him.  Fagin is a man full of tricks. He tells Oliver after he has seen the contents of his box to get a pitcher of water, while the Jew would get a basin for him to wash him. But, When Oliver turned his head, the box was gone. This shows that even if Oliver had seen Fagins treasures, the Jew didnt want the boy to know where they were hid. Therefore, he tricked Oliver by hiding the box of treasures when he wasnt looking. When Fagin thinks that Oliver has told someone of his trade, we see a violent side to him. For example The Jew inflicted a smart blow on Olivers shoulders with the club. The reader is left wondering what fate would have come to Oliver if Nancy had not stopped Fagin at this point.  Nancy is a character that has become a thief and a prostitute by Fagins teaching. She uses words like thief, devil, liar and wretch to describe the Jew. Surely, if Nancy grew up working for Fagin before she was the age of Oliver, it would be true to say that she would know him very well. This would mean that the way she describes Fagin must be accurate. Now that Fagin has acknowledged Nancy betraying him, he intends to provoke Sikes into killing her. At first he uses a mixture of lies and half-truths to aggravate Sikes and build up his anger. For example, the Jew says Suppose that lad was to peach to blow upon us all to Sikes. He was basically saying what would Sikes do if he were betrayed. Cried the Jew, his eyes flashing with rage builds up the tension in the climax probably making Sikes angrier. Fagin is being very manipulative towards Sikes by making him believe something that isnt fully true. .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa , .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .postImageUrl , .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa , .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa:hover , .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa:visited , .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa:active { border:0!important; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa:active , .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u23c365101c713ca599379573dff002aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Comic Scenes in Doctor Faustus EssayFagin puts words into Noahs mouth while he is half asleep. For instance, You followed her? Yes To London Bridge Yes. This suggests Fagin wants to get information out of Noah in a way that would make Nancy seem wrong. It would also make Sikes feel more frustrated by what he believes Nancy has done.  Before Fagin is to allow Sikes to kill Nancy he uses euphemism to make sure that he wont get into trouble because he doesnt want to get his hands dirty. He says You wont be too violent, Bill? indicating that he wants Sikes to kill her but not involving the law. However he doesnt want it to sound too obvious that he wants Nancy dead, an d is prepared to use self-preservation for that. In contrast the reader can relate to Fagin. as he looks at the box and takes precautions with his possessions. He gently closes the door and carefully puts the box on the table. Obviously, if he loves his box, he is going to do all he can to make sure it is not damaged in any way. Any person would do this with a possession that meant a lot to them.  When Oliver meets Fagin it is clear to him that the Jew does actually like the children. Oliver sees His fondness for the Dodger and the other boys. Even though the Jew gets them to steal for him, he still does like them. It would be true to say that first impressions count. Dickens explains Olivers feelings that Fagin is capable of showing affection in some way.

Conditioning Performance Analysis and Development of the Golf Swing The WritePass Journal

Conditioning Performance Analysis and Development of the Golf Swing Conditioning Performance Analysis and Development of the Golf Swing IntroductionNeeds analysisMuscle groupsMethodsResultsDiscussionStrengthPower Core stabilityExercise prescriptionConclusionRelated Introduction Golf is one of the most popular sports played throughout the world and is played at all levels, form beginner to advanced pro levels. One of the great things about golf is that you can compete against anybody of any levels as long as you have a handicap. Over recent years, since Tiger Woods came on to the scene, golf has seen more of a scientific approach with most pros and even elite amateurs implementing fitness programmes into their daily routine in order to improve their performance on the course. Burden et al. (1998) states that in order to optimise powerful rotational force that translates into the back of the ball via the club head, the athlete requires to produce a series of muscular contractions and joint movements that have to be precise in order to develop an efficient swing. The advantages of having an efficient and powerful golf swing will result in high ball velocity, which in turn will have a positive impact on performance. In addition, an efficient golf swing will require less effort to hit the ball the same distance when compared with someone that has less efficiency (Burden et al, 1998). It is evident from biomechanical literature that using the longest lever available will result in the greatest force being produced (Cooper et al, 1974). This can be highlighted in the game of golf, where an individual seeks to hit their longest club in the bag when they want to achieve optimal distance. At the elite level in golf, the difference between hitting the ball that extra 5 or 10 yards in the air can be huge. This could be the difference between carrying bunkers off the tee, to going for the green in 2 at a par 5. These finite differences can separate a golfer from his competitors and can be the difference between success and failure. As previously mentioned, golfers use the driver off the tee when they want to maximise distance. In contrast to this, Iron shots, chipping and putting are more about the feel that the golfer possesses, as the goal is to send the ball to a certain location with a required distance. In order to seek perfection in these categories, hand eye co-ordination is the skill required as opposed to strength and power. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of fitness that an elite amateur golfer possesses, which would provide the fundamentals for an efficient swing.   A battery of tests was constructed that replicated movements in the golf drive. These tests were performed by an elite amateur and recreational club golfer, which would highlight differences between results. A training programme was then constructed for the recreational subject, which would focus on the weaknesses and try to bridge the gap between the novice and elite athlete. Athlete Name: Keith Young Gender: Male Age: 36 Height: 5’10 Weight: 85kg Handicap: +2 Club: Gullane Keith Young is regarded as one of the best amateurs in Scotland and has been for many years. Keith has played at all levels of the game, representing his county and country along the way, together with turning pro for a spell earlier in his career. Keith was chosen for this project due to his past experience of competing at the top level, which will enable a true comparison to be drawn between an elite and novice golfer. Novice/Control Name: Stuart Brown Gender: Male Age: 39 Height: 5’9 Weight: 80kg Handicap: 15 Club: Glencorse Stuart has been playing golf for less than a year and in comparison to Keith he has a high handicap, which will enable the differences in physiological components of fitness to be highlighted in the golf swing. Needs analysis Barrentine et al. (2004) states that an efficient golf swing is a result of a sequence of muscular contractions that enables powerful rotation. Plowman and Smith (2003) define power as work divided by time. The power created in the golf swing is largely down to the strength of the muscles involved and the speed at which they contract. Large amounts of strength together with fast muscular contractions result in peak power output(McArdle et al, 2001), which essentially results in high ball velocities. In addition to the golfer requiring to produce large amounts of force into the back of the ball, it is essential that they maintain core stability throughout the swing in order to maintain efficiency and reduce the amount of energy being wasted (Hosea et al, 1990). Gatt, (1996) and Lehman, (2006) also imply that sufficient core stability will reduce the likelihood of injury and will maximise the total energy that is transmittedthrough the ball. A study by Baechle and Earle (2008) conveyed that core stability was the ability of the central muscles to control the movement of the body in the anterior and posterior directions. According to Hosea and Gatt, (1996), large levels of core stability around the abdominal and oblique area allow for an efficient transfer of power between the lower body and upper body. In contrast, low levels of core stability would result in the weaker muscle breaking down during the swing, which would result is the loss of energy and low power output. Due to the large amounts of force and torques being created during the golf swing, injury to the spine is likely if the athlete is not in the right condition. This is highlighted by Lehman, (2006) who noted that weak core stability will result in the golfer not being able to resist the large torques generated and may predispose the golfer to lower back pain. The golf swing is a complex movement and involves a sequence of coiling of the legs, hips, back, arms and the club. The power output of the golf swing is a byproduct of the power generated by the agonist and antagonist contractions, which is known as the pre stretch principle (Baechle and Earle, 2008). The pre stretch principle usually involves a rapid change from deceleration to acceleration in the positive direction and can be best replicated by using polymeric exercises (Chu, 1998). The driving distance of a golfer is well documented in studies by Doan et al, (2006) and Fletcher and Hartwell, (2004) who conveyed that you can significantly increase your driving distance, with the implementation of polymeric training. Muscle groups In the golf swing it is imperative that the golfer has a solid base, as this will provide balance for the rotation of the upper body, which will result in large amounts of torque being generated. Barrentine et al, (1994) suggests that the hamstrings, quadriceps and gluts provide the base and in turn have a large role to play in the golf swing. A solid base in the golf swing will involve a stance of shoulder width apart and a flexion at the knee of 40 degrees. To enable this knee flexion and a solid base, there will be an eccentric contraction around the quadriceps with an opposing concentric contraction in the hamstrings. Furthermore the hip rotation that goes towards the target is controlled by the quadriceps adductors and abductors. Barrentine et al. (1994), also state that it is imperative to contract the hip flexors, rotators and extensors if you want to achieve maximal club head speed, as in order to create this powerful transition between the lower and upper body,   hip rotation is the vital ingredient to the cores rapid uncoiling. In the same study by Barrentine et al. (1994) they also convey that a golfer must have strong forearms if they want to achieve optimal distance off the tee. This is largely due to strong forearms being able to resist the force of the club on the way down, allowing for a delay in the rotation of the forearms, which in turn increase the torque generated and essentially results in greater performance. Methods A battery of tests was constructed for both the athlete and the novice that would replicate the movements of the muscles in the golf drive. The tests were constructed in orderto cover all components of fitness that are vital in the golf swing and can be identified as; balance, power, strength and core stability. These tests were chosen as the golf swing is a whole body movement that involves open kinetic chain movements together with contractions of the muscles (Bruder et al, 1998). The following tests were carried out at Craiglockhart Sports Centre, Edinburgh, UK. In order to ensure that there were no external factors present that could affect the validity of the results, all tests were carried out in the fitness suite and sports hall. In order to minimize the risk of injury, prior to testing, both subjects performed a 10 minute warm up to ensure heart rate was elevated and the muscles were warm (Olsen et al, 2004). In addition to this, they also replicated their own warm up that they would undergo prior to playing golf. An overhead medicine ball throw (2kg; NIKE SPARQ) was prescribed to provide replication of the hip flexors on the back swing and downswing, as this ensures that the core and torso coil before rapidly uncoiling towards the target. This plyometric exercise was chosen to ensure that a pre stretch occurred around the hip joint. Fletcher and Hartwell. (2004) implied that in order for the projection of the ball to be successful, the subject would have to start the movement form the legs and in sequence transfer this energy through the hips and arms, which would ultimately lead to the projection of the ball. Poor co-ordination and an inability to link these sequential moves efficiently would result in loss of energy, which would present a poor throw. The subject required to stand in an upright position whilst holding the ball anterior to the hip flexors. The subjects then required to keep their arms extended, whilst flexing their knees, and then extend their knees to propel the ball vertica lly with the arms in the vertical direction. The ball was thrown overhead and distance was then recorded. Each subject was given 3 familiarisation trials post warm up, where upon they would have 3 trials and the best trial would be recorded. A 45 degree incline medicine ball throw was the second plyometric test performed by both subjects. Subjects required to flex both their knees whilst holding the ball just outside of the right knee and keep their arms extended. The subjects were then instructed to rotate in the opposite horizontal direction and extend vertically, where they would propel the ball at 45 degrees in the upward direction, where upon distance would be recorded. The subjects were then required to carry out the same movement in the opposite direction, to ensure that they were both using concentric and eccentric contractions that are replicable in the golf swing (Beachle and Earle, 2008). This would also help to highlight potential weaknesses or imbalances between the dominant and non dominant sides. One of the test measure used to measure core stability was the plank. This test involves the subjects to support their own body weight with the aid of their forearms and toes in the face down position. The plank requires the back to be flat at all times, together with a gap between the ground and core muscles at all times. Subjects were required to perform these tests to failure, which could be identified as a reduction in the gap present, increased curvature of the spine or failure to maintain the tension of the core muscle which would result in falling. In addition to the front plank there is an alternative method that can be used, and is known as the side plank. This method is used to assess the strength of the oblique’s, which are present in the in both the loading of the back swing and rapid uncoiling of the downswing. Subjects were required lie on their side and support their body weight with the foot and forearm of the same side. Proper technique was deemed when the hip was raised off the ground and a straight line between the feet and head was present. This test was performed on both the left and right sides to failure, which would highlight imbalances between sides and potential areas of gain. The back plank was the last testing plank protocol used to measure core stability. This test is similar to the previous planks, however it required subjects to face upwards and hold their body weight with both their heel and forearms. Again proper technique was only deemed if there was a straight line between the legs and upper body. However this exercise not only assesses the strength of the core muscles, it tests the strength of the lower back, which is one of the main injury risks in golfers (Vad et al, 2004). A medicine ball twist to failure was the last method used to measure strength in the core muscles. This method required subjects to sit on the ground with their knees flexed at 90 degrees, whilst keeping their back straight. They would then proceed to rotate laterally on both sides, ensuring that the ball touched the ground, as this would replicate the rotation of the golf swing and would imply a plyometric effect. In order for the subject to return the ball to the ground of each side, they would require to maintain balance throughout the core muscles and erector spine. This test was performed to failure, which could be deemed when the subjects back or legs touched the ground, or the inability to enable the ball to touch the ground on consecutive occasions. Strength in the forearm is a key element in the golf swing as mentioned previously. In order to measure this, a one rep max (1RM) was calculated for the flexion/extension of the wrist. The methods of Kraemer et al, (2002) were applied to this protocol to ensure that there was a low risk of injury. These methods required subjects to perform a 5RM in a seated position with the forearm resting on the knees, being flexed at 90 degrees, whereupon the dumbbell would be moved by the flexion of the wrist. As mentioned previously, the legs are the base of the golf swing and invole a serious of concentric and eccentric contractions in the quadriceps and gluts. The strength of the lower body was measured by having the subject perform a 1RM seated leg press, where the knees were flexed at 90 degrees and extension of the knee provided the subjects maximum strength in the gluts, quads and knee joint. In addition to this, a 1RM of the back squat to parallel was calculated for the subjects using the established 5RM protocol provided by Kraemer et al. (2002). The back squat required the subject to hold an Olympic bar (20kg; Eleiko, Sweeden) just below the back of the neck in the upper trapezius region. Whilst keeping the back straight, the subject was instructed to squat down until there was a flexion of 90 degrees at the knee. This position was addressed in advance to the test with familiarisation trial and a safety bar being placed at the 90 degree position. The parallel squat was used as Be achle and Earle. (2008) imply that this test is a true measure of whole body strength and is also deemed to be safer than testing for strength during the midpoint of the squat. This test was found to be relevant as it replicates the golf swing as a whole body movement, with the muscle and joints having to work in sequence to provide efficiency. Results Table 1: Battery of test results Exercise Athlete Novice Leg Press 260kg 195kg Back Squat 135kg 110kg Overhead Med. Ball Throw 45 ft. 46 ft. 45  °Med. Ball Throw Left 51ft. 40ft. 45  °Med. Ball Throw Right 45.9 ft. 37 ft. Med. Ball Twist 45 reps. 42 reps. Wrist Flexion 27 kg. 26 kg. Wrist Extension 11 kg. 9 kg. Plank 3 minutes 4 seconds. 2 minutes 42 seconds. Side Plank Left 3 minutes 15 seconds. 1 minute 45 seconds. Side Plank Right 2 minutes 30 seconds. 1 minute 52 seconds. Reverse Plank 2  Ã‚   minutes 42 seconds. 1 minutes   43 seconds. Figure 1: Measures of core stability. Time to failure measured in seconds. Figure 2: Measure of rotational power, distance measure in feet. Discussion The results illustrated above highlight that generally the elite golfer outperformed the novice golfer. In order to establish the differences between the two performers, components of fitness were put into different categories, of which were, power, core stability and strength. Due to the demands that strength training places on the body, it was agreed that flexibility work would be incorporated on a daily basis to ensure there was no restriction in range of motion. Strength As mentioned previously, power and strength are 2 key components in achieving a successful golf drive. Beachle and Earle. (2008) define strength as the ability to exert maximal force at a given velocity and in turn Kraemer et al. (2002) Portray they theory that in order to develop power, it is essential to have a strength base. Kraemer et al. (2002) also noted that individuals must train at intensities higher than 80% of their 1RM in order to seek optimal rewards. Strength training would therefore be incorporated into the programme prior to the commencement of the power phase. The use of closed kinetic chain exercises would be employed as Kraemer and Ratamess, (2004) implies these compound movements enhance the production of muscular force. Power Plowman and Smith (2003)defined power as the product of force and velocity. Therefore, it is imperative when constructing a training programme to take into consideration both elements (Kraemer and Ratamess, 2004). During the power phase the athlete should attempt to lift the same loads they were lifting in the strength phase (80% 1RM) but should attempt to do this at high speeds. Furthermore, the power production phase should involve the athlete lifting lighter loads (60% 1RM) at maximal velocity (Power and Howley, 2009). Research within the literature (Beachle and Earle, 2008; Kraemer et al, 2002; Kraemer and Ratamess, 2004) suggests that maximal power production be addressed with the use of both heavy and light loads at maximal velocity. Core stability As illustrated in the results section, the elite athlete possessed higher levels of core stability when compared to the novice. In order to minimise the risk of injury and achieve optimal performance, core strength training has to be prescribed in the exercise training programme (Baechle and Earle, 2008). The goal is to increase the neuromuscular strength or the core and enhance endurance, rather than focussing on shear muscle fore, as inexperience in this area can lead to injury (Kraemer and Ratamess, 2004). Exercise prescription The control subject did not employ a training programme prior to testing or at any stage in the last couple of years, therefore this training programme would not disrupt any progression with any other physical components. Following the guideline of Kraemer et al. (2006) it was decided that the control subject would exercise 3 days per week. This would enable the subject to have sufficient rest periods between sessions and allow for adaptation to occur (Power and Howley, 2009). The programme was prescribed in order to initiate the development of strength prior to the inclusion of the power phase, with development of core stability and maintenance of flexibility being incorporated throughout. All exercises with the exception of core stability were to be performed to 3 sets of 8; with a 2 minute rest period in between sets. The series of core exercises were prescribed to be performed for 4 sets of 25 reps and a 1 minute rest was deemed to be sufficient for recovery. In order for physiological adaptation to occur, each training phase was prescribed for a period of 4 weeks, as Kraemer and Ratamess (2004) state this period of time is sufficient enough to allow for adaptation to the training stimulus. Table 2: Strength development – Phase 1. Day One Day Two Day Three Deadlift Unilateral dumbbell bench press Squat Bent over row Shoulder lateral dumbbell raises Triceps kickbacks Core stability series Shoulder rear dumbbell raises Forearm curls/extensions Flexibility series Core stability series Core stability series Flexibility series Flexibility series The commencement of exercises prescribed in phase 2 could only be employed post phase 1, with the subject having adapted and now having a strength base. The goal in the power phase as noted by Kraemer and Ratamess. (2004) would be to apply maximal force at maximal velocity. In order to enhance power, it was deemed appropriate to reduce the weight to 60% of the athletes 1RM, as this would enable the load to be lifted at a higher velocity. All of the prescribed exercises were performed to 4 sets of 5 with 2 minutes rest, with the exception of the core, which was performed to 4 sets of 30. Table 3 – Power – phase 2 Day One Day Two Day Three Deadlift  ¼ Jump squat One arm dumbbell snatch Bent over row Hang pull Tricep kickbacks Unilateral dumbbell bench press Lateral medicine ball throw (off rebounder/wall) Forearm curls/extensions Core stability series Core stability series Core stability series Flexibility series Flexibility series Flexibility series The purpose of phase 3 was to divide the week into 2 different components, of which 2 sessions would be on each. The sessions would be based on strength/power and ballistic/speed exercises. On the force production days, it was deemed imperative to perform all exercises for 3 reps and 5 sets, as Kraemer and Ratamess (2004) implies that this will enable maximal force production.   The introduction of fast force sessions was incorporated to enhance power by moving heavy loads at high velocities. These sessions were to be performed for 5 sets and 3 reps, with 2 minutes rest in between.   The speed exercises were employed to be performed with light weights (30-60% 1RM) which is highlighted in the study by Kraemer and Ratamess (2004). These exercises were in accordance with the same set and reps of the fast force sessions. The core exercises increased from 4 sets to 5, whilst keeping the reps the same. Table 4: Maximal power – Phase 4. Day One/MaxForce Day Two/Speed Day Three/Fast Force Day Four/Speed Deadlift 60m sprint Hang pull 60m sprint Squat Hang clean  ¼ jump squat One arm dumbbell snatch Forearm curls/extensions Core stability series Seated Russian twist with weight plate Lateral medicine ball throw (off rebounder/wall) Triceps kickbacks Core stability series Flexibility series Core stability series Flexibility series Flexibility series Flexibility series Conclusion It is evident from all of the above, that in order to have efficiency in the golf drive, physiological components of fitness need to be addressed. With the comparison of the elite and novice golfer, noticeable difference can be highlighted and therefore shortfalls in the the novice are highlighted. A training programme can then be adopted following guidance within the literature and taking into account current fitness levels of the individual. This training programme aims to address the weaknesses in the novice golfer and provide a physiological basis for improvement taking into account the understanding of scientific literature.

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions

The Subclass Pterygota and Its Subdivisions The subclass Pterygota includes most of the world’s insect species. The name comes from the Greek pteryx, which  means â€Å"wings.† Insects in the subclass Pterygota have wings, or had wings once in their evolutionary history. Insects in this subclass are called pterygotes. The main identifying feature of pterygotes is the presence of veined wings on the mesothoracic (second) and metathoracic (third) segments. These insects also undergo metamorphosis, either simple or complete. Scientists believe insects evolved the ability to fly during the Carboniferous period, over 300 million years ago. Insects beat vertebrates to the skies by some 230 million years (pterosaurs evolved the ability to fly about 70 million years ago). Some insect groups that were once winged have since lost this ability to fly. Fleas, for example, are closely related to flies, and are believed to descend from winged ancestors. Although such insects no longer bear functional wings (or any wings at all, in some cases), they are still grouped in the subclass Pterygota due to their evolutionary history. The subclass Pterygota is further divided into two superorders – the Exopterygota and the Endopterygota. These are described below. Characteristics of the Superorder Exopterygota: Insects in this group undergo a simple or incomplete metamorphosis. The life cycle includes just three stages – egg, nymph, and adult. During the nymph stage, gradual change occurs until the nymph resembles the adult. Only the adult stage has functional wings. Major Orders in the Superorder Exopterygota: A large number of familiar insects fall within the superorder Exopterygota. Most insect orders are classified within this subdivision, including: Order Ephemeroptera - mayfliesOrder Odonata - dragonflies and damselfliesOrder Orthoptera - crickets, grasshoppers and locustsOrder Phasmida - stick and leaf insectsOrder Grylloblattodea - rock crawlersOrder Mantophasmatodea - gladiatorsOrder Dermaptera - earwigsOrder Plecoptera - stonefliesOrder Embiidina - webspinnersOrder Zoraptera - angel insectsOrder Isoptera - termitesOrder Mantodea - mantidsOrder Blattodea - cockroachesOrder Hemiptera - true bugsOrder Thysanoptera - thripsOrder Psocoptera - barklice and booklice  Order Phthiraptera - biting and sucking lice Characteristics of the Superorder Endopterygota: These insects undergo a complete metamorphosis with four stages – egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pupal stage is inactive (a rest period). When the adult emerges from the pupal stage, it has functional wings. Orders in the Superorder Endopterygota: The majority of the worlds insects undergo complete metamorphosis, and are included in the superorder Endopterygota. The largest of these nine insect orders are: Order Coleoptera - beetlesOrder Neuroptera - nerve-winged insectsOrder  Hymenoptera  - ants, bees, and waspsOrder Trichoptera - caddisfliesOrder  Lepidoptera  - butterflies and mothsOrder Siphonoptera - fleasOrder Mecoptera - scorpion flies and hangingfliesOrder Strepsiptera - twistedwing parasitesOrder Diptera - true flies    Sources: Pterygota. Winged insects.   Tree of Life Web Project. 2002. Version 01 January 2002 David R. Madden.  Accessed online September 8, 2015.Pterygota, pterygote. Bugguide.net. Accessed online September 8, 2015.A Dictionary of Entomology,  edited by Gordon Gordh, David Headric.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Subclass pterygota, by John R. Meyer, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University. Accessed online September 8, 2015.

Postmodern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Postmodern Art - Essay Example The focus in this essay "Postmodern Art" is on postmodern art. The art world often pretentiously demands a certain level of sophistication from its viewers, as a means of separating the two worlds, but many of the best artists postmodernism has to offer, accept the viewer's own existence, experiences, and emotional base as a point of departure from which to present their message. This works as an explanation for the overwhelming popularity of American artist Jeff Koons, who is arguably the poster boy for postmodern thought and practice. While modern art seems to remain aloof and separated from its audience, postmodernism seeks too coexist on the same level as its viewers, using images from popular culture with which its audience is already familiar, and inverting, twisting, and ultimately destroying those images to create an entirely new thought, and an entirely new work of art. This paper will discuss the era of postmodern art from its conception with Andy Warhol in the 1960’ s, to Koons himself and the way that the genre exists today. It is difficult to discuss Jeff Koons and postmodern art without first discussing it’s conception and Andy Warhol. Koons is often compared to Warhol, because he has achieved much of what the revolutionary Warhol had, including a sort of notorious controversial presence. In understanding Warhols motivation, we will certainly come to a better understanding of the motivating factors behind Koons’ work. The parameters with which we define art are under constant organic change. New ways of understanding concepts of art are at best, problematic as new movements force the visual spectator to at times disavow all preconceived notions and interpretations of art The emergence of a new art movement enables critics to redefine their own theories and understandings, in essence, to reconceptualize art theory. This is an interesting phenomenon when it takes place, one that truly exposes the theorization and ideologies of ar t. The emergence of Pop Art in the 1950's in Britain and its vivacious inception into American society is one such movement that captures this broadening of art. Andy Warhol was one of the movements' most prolific artists, helping to truly affirm the position of Pop Art as a credible, enlightening and in Warhol's conception, groundbreaking art form. Abstract Expressionism had been thoroughly institutionalized within art history since the Second World War and the arrival of Pop Art and its methods ultimately appeared as a reaction against this school of art. Pop Art found its imagery and techniques from the sociological climate of the sixties in which consumerism was fueled by the mass productivity ethos of the time. Certain artists began to aspire to a hard-edged style of art; one that Suzi Gablik believes led to a "moral strategy" facilitated "to avoid tasteful choices and to set the stake higher," (Gablik, 1969). The most profound realization of this strategy was to be the use of found or ready-made objects within pieces of artwork. Warhol was one of the main propagators of this method, a style of painting that would for the first time blemish the distinct qualities between 'high' and 'low' art and find the artist stripped of his autonomy. In Andy Warhol, Crone argues that any attempt to describe or analyze Warhol's work, "must consider the conditions of reality reflected as more important

Forensics- Organic vs. Inorganic Evidence Research Paper

Forensics- Organic vs. Inorganic Evidence - Research Paper Example The paper will wind up by tracking the significance of organic evidence as it moves through the justice system. According to Goody (2011), forensic evidence can be classified as inorganic or organic depending on the form of proof and its chemical composition. Organic evidence is evidence that contains carbon atoms connected to other carbon atoms. It could be teeth, hair, broken body tissues, blood, saliva, sweat, or semen. Such evidence can be traced to an individual and assist investigators with identifying a culprit. Though, there are exhibits that do not have metal atoms, they can be classified as organic evidence; for example, carbonates ions and cyanide. Inorganic evidence includes all things picked from a crime scene and can be used to connect an individual with that criminal activity. Crime scenes are always characterized with traces and marks from shoes or finger prints (Patrick, 2011). Further, there could be broken glasses, wood, crime weapons, broken utensils, gun residues and soil. Inorganic evidence can be collected physically from a crime scene and presented in a court of law during a court proceeding. Physical evidence contains both inorganic and organic compounds. For example, paint has organic solvents and metals such as zinc and lead, but it is regarded as inorganic evidence (Goody, 2011). Gunshot residue is primarily composed of inorganic materials such as lead and nitrates. Evidences that contain both organic and inorganic compounds are keenly analyzed using different means to arrive at an accurate conclusion. The chief strength of inorganic evidence is that it involves concrete collection of evidence; this eliminates probability of deviation. This evidence can be identified with certainty in a law court, as they include the broken items like utensils, windows and chairs (Henry & Howard, 2000). Further, inorganic evidence is effective in solving criminal cases

Hirschis Social Bond Theory in Criminology

Hirschis Social Bond Theory in Criminology Travis Hirschi had an enormous effect on the field of criminology. His influence was most certainly felt the most in the subject of control theory. Hirschi’s theories were always plainly stated in layman’s terms so everybody could clearly understand them. Hirschi’s first theory: Social Bonds and Delinquency, states that delinquency arises when social bonds are weak or absent. This theory challenged Merton’s strain theory and Sutherland’s differential association theory. The question that is asked by these two theories is why people are motivated to commit crimes. Merton’s stated that it was the blockage of goals that pushed individuals to commit crime. Sutherland’s theory said that youths are taken in by deviant culture and they learn and adopt criminal behavior from those around him. Hirshi, on the other hand took the path less taken. For Hirshi, the question that his theory sought to answer was: Why don’t people break the law? Hirschi wanted to identify the nature of the social controls that determine when crime occurs. Hirschi called these social controls, â€Å"Social Bonds† (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011) Hirschi’s social bond theory stressed four control variables that gave reason as to why people don’t break the law, with each representing a major social bond. The bonds are: Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Attachment refers to the emotional closeness that adolescents have with adults, role models, and most importantly parents. â€Å"Affectional Identification,† meaning that the youth aspires to be more like their parents or role models plays a large part in this bond (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011). If the adults in their life are crime free, the youth is more likely to follow the same straight and narrow path. There is also a sense that parents know what their children are doing and where they are. This bond strengthens every time that there is interaction between the two parties as the interaction is usually on a personal basis. As a result of these things, parents have a form of indirect control. The indirect control works because their attachme nt to their parents makes them psychologically present. The second bond is The Social Bond of Commitment. Commitment involves the adolescents place in conformity. The youth does not want to blow their chances of having a great and bright future by doing something that they shouldn’t do. This is the common ratio of cost and benefit that is seen in other criminological theories and throughout life. The question it begs is; does deviating from the social norms to achieve certain means outweigh the potentially great losses that are also on the table. In order for this to be an effective bond, individuals must know and connect the deviance and reward and make a decision based on their own outcomes. Strain theory also uses the cost and benefit ratio; however it states that having high aspirations is what leads to deviance (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011). Hirschi again stated the opposite was true; â€Å"Legitimate aspirations gave a stake in conformity that tied the individual to the conventional social order† (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011). The third social bond is The Social Bond of Involvement. Involvement is a way to prevent and deny access to criminal actions and deviant behavior through involvement in activities. If you are in school all day or at work, one would be much less likely to commit a crime. This bond theory is in its own way paying homage to the old saying, â€Å"idle hands are the devil’s workshop† (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011). The fourth and final social bond is The Social Bond of Belief. People want approval of others, so their actions tend to reflect the societal norms that are seen to be approved actions. Belief is the extent that youths embrace the moral validity of the law and other norms. Conforming individuals obey the law because it is seen as a legitimate and respected request to them. Ronald Akers stated that â€Å"Individuals offend because they are socialized to embrace criminal cultural beliefs† (Lilly, C ullen, Ball, 2011). Where Hirschi stated that one does not need to learn to be a criminal because all humans are gratification-seeking beings and crime is easy to commit (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to bring light to the effects social bonds have on the likelihood to commit delinquent activities. Attachment Theories are based on the view that human beings have a large desire to be accepted by others. This is usually a good thing; however, it can also help a delinquent mindset to form. The formation of strong bonds between the adult figure(s) in an adolescents life helps put a stop to delinquent activities before they even occur. However, those with insecure attachment to parents have problems with emotional regulation and impulse control acting on immediate rewards at the expense of long-term goals (Lac, Crano, Berger, Alvaro, 2013). Attachment also applies to peers. Peer attachment was positively associated with self-esteem, self-control, and optimism, but these variables tended to be more strongly associated with parental attachment. However, inadequate bonding to a parental figure may present a risky shift to relying on peers engaged in activities outside of the norms of society (Lac, Crano, Berger, Alvaro, 2013). These associations among peers that go wrong lead to drug use and drinking and activities such as that. In a study eight questions were asked in order to estimate how many of his or friends smoked cigarettes, used smokeless tobacco, drank alcoholic beverages, got drunk, smoked marijuana, used crack cocaine, used powder cocaine, and used heroin. The results showed that 84 percent of the test groups friends uses or have tried these substances (De Li). Under the Commitment bond, there is an underlying assumption that there is not much more time left in the act, project or whatever an individual is attempting to accomplish when weighing the pros and cons of a deviant act conceived. This is why there really is a burden to make a decision and make the right one according to the circumstances. Involvement in school is also an important form of commitment because it also acts as a stake in conformity which helps root people into social conformity (Krohn Massey). People who do not hold strong beliefs in conventional values have nothing holding th em to the bond and are therefore more likely to commit deviant acts. If any one or more of the four social bonds are weakened or severed, the chances of delinquent behavior increases significantly (Krohn Massey). Even when Social Bonds fail, desistance is always an option for those who want to get back on the straight and narrow path. Desistance is the act of ceasing offending behavior. One ways that has been discovered to be effective is the development of an attachment bond to a wife or husband or getting a stable profession. Marriage is however found to be the best. Men who desisted from criminal activities were engaged in structured routines, they were socially bonded to wives, children and significant others. They learned to draw encouragement, resources, and social support from their relationships. The impact of social ties, life events, and socialization experiences was emphasized to desisting offenders in order for them to truly know what they will lose if they choose to of fend again (Doherty). In regards to marriage, those with low self-control have much more room to change with the help of a stable healthy marriage than those with high self-control. The monitoring factor that comes along with the marriage territory plays a large role in that (Doherty). The monitoring factor is such an important one especially when one is growing up due to the fact that it prevents delinquency and reduces the chance that individuals will deviate when there is no monitoring occurring. A study found that low monitoring produced delinquency, although it was indirectly through low self-control and aggression. This is due to the adolescent getting a pretty clear impression that the parents don’t really care about what their kid is up to. And the mindset that most people would likely draw from that is, â€Å"If they don’t care, then why should I?† (Gault-Sherman, 2012). That mindset is related the attachment bond. They strive to be like their parents a nd copying is the greatest form of flattery. When delinquents turn to crime, it is usually because that they feel that there is no other way to fulfill their needs at the current time. However, deep down it is due to the way that their parents raised them, their attachments to people, their involvement in extra activities, things that they’ve committed or not committed time to and their own personal set of beliefs that they hold dear to themselves. In the Attachment theory, the outcome of the adolescent is largely affected by how their parents raised them, and how the other important adult role models in their life treated them. Say for example that every day when a little boy came home from school, he is bullied by his father, neglected by his mother, picked on by his siblings and treated horribly by all. This is not going to have a positive effect on that little boy at all. This behavior will instill in him a warped sense of what’s ok due to affectional identification (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011). The little boy may go to school the next day and bully another kid to make himself feel better, to feel like he is following in his father’s footsteps. This may seem like a easily fixed issue, but in reality, it most certainly is not. There is a high chance the boy all grown up will engage in delinquent behavior, even if he is not arrested. He will most likely beat and or bully his kids or wives and treat people terribly. When the delinquent actions aren’t confined to just the home, even more problems can arise which can lead the individual down an even steeper downward spiral. That is why it is such an important responsibility that the parents have to raise their children with love, attention, and compassion in order to help prevent even more delinquency being brought into the world. As individuals go through school, cheating is a huge aspect that they must try to avoid. It is such an easy action to perform, as it requires just a turn of the head during a test, or clicking send on an email full of test answers. Many people don’t even regard it as a delinquent act. Cheating is such a large obstacle because it directly relates to the social bond of commitment. Students spend at the minimum twelve years of their lives in school not including college. That’s a large portion of their life. If cheating makes it an easier twelve years for them, they may embrace that particular delinquent behavior in order to make the long journey ahead a little bit easier. Most individual’s mindset is that it isn’t fair if others can cheat and succeed, and they shouldn’t, which again begs the question of why don’t people commit crimes and or delinquent acts? All students, whether they cheat or not, have goals, dreams, careers to look forward to, and their futures at stake while going through school. This path with a destination deters some from cheating because they don’t want to risk losing all that they have worked so hard for just so they have an easier time on a test or don’t have to write their own original paper. Others on the other hand, do not particularly care about this tradeoff and decide to cheat anyway. This may be because they weighed the options, and they found cheating to be the best course of action and worth taking the risk to do so, or the individuals reasoning could be that they just don’t have any higher aspirations or goals. Whatever the case may be, parents, teachers, the community, and even officers of the law should do all in their power to emphasize the importance of being honest throughout school, and the impact that cheating and deviating could have on them if they were to lose sight of all that they had committed themselves to completing. This emphasis on commitment will help form more well-rounded individuals who are better adapted to function in society than those that choose to take the easy way out. The social bond of involvement plays a vital role in preventing del inquency in the modern world as well. When individuals have nothing to do, often they go looking for something. What they find may not be the best thing to do and in turn may have a very counter-productive effect on their life. Examples include joining gangs, underage drinking and smoking, partaking in the use of narcotics, stealing and the list goes on. Parents and schools often attempt to enroll their children and students into extracurricular activities in order to keep them occupied and out of the reach and influence that many unsavory activities can have on young and developing minds. The social bond of involvement and commitment are often connected because individuals often commit a large portion of their idle time to these activities and don’t want to risk being unable to participate in them again because they’ve committed a deviant act. In any case, involvement in healthy activities is very important in the fight to keep kids on the straight and narrow due to i ts ability to occupy their free time with productive activities instead of others that may lead them down a path towards delinquency. The more the importance of involvement is stressed, the better the chances that more and more individuals will keep away from crime. The final social bond that Hirschi brought light to is the social bond of belief. Belief is a strange and funny thing because some have a lot of it, while others have seemingly none. Those who don’t hold strong beliefs in the norms of society are not really bound by the bond of belief. When people believe that rules that are in place are actually there for a reason, they become bound to belief. This is usually a good thing, assuming that the rules in place are for the betterment of society as a whole and not just for the few. It’s also about respect in a way. Individuals who are taught to respect legitimate laws, people, and other such things are much less likely to deviate from them than one who is not tau ght to respect, but to instead rebel. Belief must be instilled from a young age during the same time the attachment bond starts to form. If parents believe that laws and other such things are legitimate, then their children will most likely recognize that and adopt the same into their behavior. Those whose parents have weak bonds with their children will have a much more difficult if not nonexistent time trying to instill these values and beliefs. It should be noted that belief can be completely abandoned in an instant and should be treated with the utmost fragility. The more parents, role models, and significant figures put emphasis on and utilize belief during the youth’s more impressionable years, the more likely it will be that the youth does not partake in deviant activities. Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory has certainly accomplished what it set out to explain. The reason why people don’t commit crime is because of their attachments to other significant people in their lives, their commitment to finishing what they started and not losing their progress, their involvement in healthy non deviant behavior, and lastly the belief that laws and constraints are put into place for a good and legitimate reason. Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory has much strength in its favor and very few weaknesses. One of the weaknesses is that when adolescents are involved in a lot of delinquent activities outside of their home, the bond they have with their parents weakens. This is because Hirschi didn’t take into consideration that bonds change over time, and that strong bonds of attachment and involvement can take place among peers even when parental bonds are strong. One of the two bonds is bound to overcome the other. Another weakness that Hirschiâ€℠¢s theory has is that it is â€Å"based on the assumption that humans are naturally self-interested and thus need no special motivation to break the law† (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011). This is not a good assumption at all because not all people are similarly motivated. The strengths of Hirschi’s theory are their simplicity and that the actual applications of the bonds do lead to less delinquency occurring among youths. The practice of instilling these bonds in the youth of today is very important to the future to come. Everybody must do their part in the fight against delinquency. Works Cited De Li, S. (n.d.). the impacts of self-control social bonds on juvenile delinquency in a national sample of midadolescents. Deviant Behavior, pp. 351-373. Doherty, E. E. (n.d.). Self-control, social bonds, and desistance: A test of life-course interdependence. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Jornal, XLIV(4), pp. 807-833. Gault-Sherman, M. (2012, February). Its a Two-Way Street: The Bidirectional Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency. Journal of Youth Adolescence, LXXII(2), 121-145. Krohn, M. D., Massey, J. L. (n.d.). Social Control and Delinquent Behavior: An Examination of the Elements of the Social Bond. The Sociological Quarterly, XXI(4), pp. 529-544. Lac, A., Crano, W. D., Berger, D. E., Alvaro, E. M. (2013, August). Attachment theory and theory of planned behavior: An integrative model predicting underage drinking. Developmental Psychology, XLIX(8), 1579-1590. doi:10.1037/a0030728 Lilly, J. R., Cullen, F. T., Ball, R. A. (2011). Criminological Theory. Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America: SAGE Publications.