Fostering Critical Thinking through Effective Pedagogy Essay

Acquiring knowledge is a basic social need and essential commodity for survival. It is a common belief that knowledge can empower an individual for the notion of facts and truths guides a person on how to proceed on things that must be attended to. In every decision an individual makes, comprehension and weighing of information play a vital role on what and how certain actions and attitudes will be conceptualized and performed. When the complexity of the nature, source and limit of a particular knowledge is exposed in terms of the perspective used by a person, conflict on what point of view to follow along with the beliefs and values a person holds, most often than not determines the behavior, given that the person is a ware of the possible principles and truths he or she could consider. In any professional discipline, it is notable the relevance of development and progress not just of knowledge that governs the field but most importantly of the application and benefits of the implementation as well as sharing of a particular body of thought. The teaching profession is considered greatly in terms of professional development since the future of all other professions is very much dependent on the efficiency and effectiveness of the people in the academic discipline in their responsibility to impart knowledge. Professional development helps teachers eliminates the discrepancy between the current teaching programs and strategies employed in the academic community, and the ideal setting of being able to achieve and benefit from the set goals and objectives which are most ideal for the improvement of the teaching profession. Such will not only be an advantage to the teaching fellows but also to the students from whom much will be expected. Astleitner, Hermann. (2002). Teaching Critical Thinking Online. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 29(5). 55-65. With the bulk of information available at present due to the development and advances in communication as well as information technology, critical evaluation of the materials that enhance learning should be practice in the whole academic community. But such proposal proves to be problematic when it comes to training an educating the students on how to critically process and assess a particular reading material. The rapidly changing lifestyles in a highly technological and global world as well as the changing societal structures brought about by increasing social and cultural diversity wherein marketing of ideas and products whose primary target are the teenagers calls the need to impart critical analysis among the students for the society to benefit from the advantages of upholding critical thinking. Critical thinking has been defined as â€Å"a literacy that encourages a reflective, questioning stance toward the forms and content of print and electronic media† (Tyner, 1998). The ideal of critical thinking supports the claims of rhetoric criticism which deals with the social construction of meaning or the way the public perceive and understand the information presented by different channels of communication. Rhetorical criticism likewise tackles and examines how the messages are constructed and presented to the public which are reflective of the interests and motives of the source of information. In here also comes the issue on commercialism and the ways in which information are distorted, sanitized, designed and delivered in order to get the thinking and behavior that the source intends the audience to take as implicit ideologies are made explicit. The fast changing, social, cultural and technological structure of the society poses a challenge in the whole educational system to examine and reflect the positive and negative effects of the uses and manipulation of information and be critical members of the community. Critical thinking in this regard, should be taught and practiced as a whole school approach so as to equip the students with the skills and knowledge that they need as literate members of the civil society. As teachers push students to access and avail of so much information while ignoring the need to provide students with instruction in how to effectively use the resources available in the school the phenomenon which Richard Wumen calls â€Å"non-information explosion is observed. This describes how the availability of so much information could lead to more misinformation and disinformation. He highlights the present condition of information management skill of every individual’s access to excess information as provided by the Internet which does not give us better knowledge nor characterize us with better information use. In this regard, members of the academic community call the attention of school libraries to be initiator of upholding the principles of critical thinking as primary source of information to the students. The nine information literacy standards by the American Association of School Librarians and the Association for Educational Communication and Technology (1998) upholds the importance of information literacy and acknowledge the need to incorporate the ideals of critical thinking in the prevalent access and evaluation of the content and messages provided by the current information technologies. The standards are divided into three: subcategories: (a) information literacy, (2) independent learning, and (3) social responsibility: Rudowicz, Elisabeth. (2002) Assessing University Students’ General and Specific Critical Thinking. College Student Journal, 363(11), 120-125. Other means of incorporation critical thinking especially into the information literacy knowledge and skills of the students should be widely implemented and supported by the whole educational system and the government in order to realize its aims and objectives to provide quality and critical information management among the students. Intense debates about literacy education are long been issues of social importance with its normal wide media coverage. In these debates, we have frequently heard from politicians, policy makers, members of the community, key media representatives, and language educators. Critical thinking is a combination of using a set of general dispositions and abilities, along with specific experience and knowledge within a particular area of concern-in school, often the subject-matter area. This view might lead to the teaching of general critical thinking principles (e. g. , conflict of interest, denial of the consequent) both as a separate course (or within an existing course sequence such as English or social studies), and as infused into the existing subject-matter instruction, where general dispositions and abilities would be applied. It is not known which approach is most effective. The numerous attempts at infusion or immersion include content areas such as social studies, chemistry, geometry, general science, and the physical sciences. They have generally yielded higher experimental group gains in critical thinking ability, and sometimes even in content areas Henig, R. (1994). Rethinking School Choice: Limits of the Market Metaphor. Princeton Journal of Higher Education, 73 (16) 35-42. The call for such radical educational reform in the United States is rooted on several strongly stated claims. The first argument is that the performance of American schools, especially American public schools, is so poor that unless strong and dramatic steps are taken, the nation risks a serious and irreversible shift into eventual economic stagnation and mediocrity. The second claim is that conventional remedies of increased spending and budget to attract better teachers, mandates on higher and tougher standards of academic performance as well as improved and redesigned curriculums have been tried and implemented yet, all have failed. Meanwhile, the final claim traces the fault for past failures in the very political processes and governing institutions that the public mistakenly turn to search for a remedy. The current curriculum followed by educational institutions at present should be able to adapt the need to incorporate and teach critical thinking. The students should be given opportunities to undertake deeper appreciation of the information that are accessible to them by teaching them how to think critically. Exercises that enhance critical assessment and evaluation of facts and claims should be provided to the students for them to demonstrate their abilities to judge and contemplate on the content and subliminal messages buried in between lines of literary pieces, presentation and delivery of the message, and the credibility of the sources of information. Academic researchers that will cultivate assessment in the use of resources among students could be assimilated to the different subjects that they are taking. The application of critical thinking for the students to inherent the skill should be exercised in all aspects of the students’ lives for them to become life-long critical learners and users of information. Warnick, B. (2002) Critical thinking in a Digital Era: Technology, Rhetoric, and the Public Interest. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 23(2), 109. Once critical thinking is applied and practiced in the educational system, other means of applying its principles, especially in the use of school libraries as information banks, should be able to accommodate the changes needed to foster the appreciation of being critically literate amidst the mass of information offered in the libraries. Facilities inside the li9braries should provide for the information of the students while at the same time should be able to provide caution and constant guidance as to how to critically evaluate the available information. Incorporating the proper skills and knowledge in utilizing the information available in the libraries to the academic curricula should be considered by educational reformers to serve as preliminary field of applying critical thinking. Good researching and cross-referencing skills in using the facilities in the library should be able to inculcate critical thinking among the students. The emphasized that coming up with better program ideas simply does not work because the reigning decision-making processes systematically screen the good ideas that were presented and proposed and that implementing present programs more effectively will not succeed either because the existing institutions of school governance are neither willing nor able to make the sustained and serious efforts that are required. He proposed instead a call for public action for a radical restructuring in which the educational institutions especially those in public nature should take the initiative as significant movement of intervention in the said issue by intensifying the degree rather that the direction of change. In this respect, it is evident that there is a need to imbibe optimistic outlook in pursuing reforms in the educational system. The unforeseen challenges that may confront and hinder the realization of maximizing the advantages of practicing critical thinking should be embraced and overcome by the significant leaders and authorities not just in the educational system but also among policy-makers and the public in general.

What I hope to gain from a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration

Management studies has always interested me and I am currently pursuing a Bachelor’s degree in business administration to work towards my aims and objectives which are described below and to pursue my interest in management studies and at the same time obtain a full fledged degree in Business Administration.By working towards this degree I hope to become a more well rounded personality alongside gaining more knowledge, skills and expertise in the field of business and management which I can wield towards my other long term goals, to evolve into a dynamic and capable leader in the field of business.Through this Business Administration program I hope to gain maximum and up to date knowledge and skills including technical skills to be successful in any area of business administration. I want to be able to understand the theoretical aspects of the knowledge and skills that I gain as well as apply them practically. I want to be able to explore and gain a thorough knowledge of conce pts, principles, theories, practices of modern business writers as well as the classical business writers.I hope that the program will enable me to build a strong foundation to pursue and be successful in any area of business administration by helping me understand and find the relation between the various interrelated areas of business administration. I hope that it would give me a good head start in analytical and strategic business studies. The skills that I wish to gain include soft skills, technical skills, analytical, mental skills, problem solving skills, negotiation skills and leadership skills. I want this program to help me improve my written and verbal communication.I want to ensure that my analytical skills are honed well to be able to analyze business conditions and decide the appropriate strategy to handle those conditions. I want to be able to hone my skills to be able to conduct research if necessary in various media and analyze the data that is gathered to reach con clusions about the business scenario. I want to be able to make presentations as and when required, to analyze the data collected and to reach business goals and to present a proposal to somebody and to negotiate and convince people in various business scenarios.I want to be able to make use of my skills and knowledge in the job market to play a good leadership and management role. I want this program to help me transform into an efficient and effective practitioner of ethical business practices. I want to be able to nurture my skills and knowledge in a rich interactive and intellectual environment by exchanging ides with other students, professors and eminent business personalities.I want to be able to take part in cultural activities and other extracurricular activities that will help me become a more balanced person and to contribute more wholesomely towards my community and my profession. I also want to go through various disciplines and understand the relationship between them and how they are relevant to Business management. I view this Business Administration program as a significant stepping-stone towards my long term goals and professional development in the field of business to enable me to turn into a competent business professional.

In Britain, Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp was the most Essay

In Britain, Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp was the most numerically significant form of women's political activism since the - Essay Example As the camp gained fame and publicity, the aims of their movement increased. They now demanded the removal of their cruise and started challenging the gender stereotypes of their time (Wilkison, 2002). In addition, the women also came up with a gendered critique of militarism, even as they asked for the restoration of common land to its prior state. The women camp was largely considered a feministic movement, and this raised different reactions from different people. The Greenham protest had a grand contribution in Britain. The number of women groups and campaigns were on the increase as a result of the protest. Anti-war movements and peace activism groups also drastically increased. In 1980, there was the emergence of a women group, Women Oppose Nuclear Threat (WONT), and 1981 saw the formation of Women Peace Alliance. These women group were vigilant in their activities and often conducted protests in the streets. For instance, in February of 1982, women groups came to a decision th at there would conduct a women only protest. The reasons they had for this was that women were less likely to cause violence even when provoked and that the police and soldiers would be less violent when dealing with them (summers, 1988). These women also viewed that the protest would be a sign of women empowerment and they thought that it would help to undermine the domestic division of labour. Encouraging feministic focus would also be achieved by the protest. Their plan was not without its weaknesses and flaws. For instance, it was difficult for married women to neglect their responsibilities so that they can attend the camp. Attending the camp would force these women to be separated from their families. During their stay in the camp, the women had a set of rules that were a guide to how they should relate. Some of these include disallowing men into the camp after dark, staying away from eating meat. Violence against each other was not allowed, and the decision making process was democratic (Wilkinson, 2002). In the camp, the living conditions were poor, and the women had to withstand all kinds of weather. Rainy seasons and the winter period were especially hard for women because of the cold, but their determination kept them going. The women gave up their comforts for the commitment of their cause. Many women were arrested and taken to prison, but eventually, their efforts bore fruit. Between 1991 and 1992, the cruise missiles were removed from Greenham Common and flown to the USA following the signing of the Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. The Treaty is in agreement with the fact that nuclear weapons would have devastating effects on all human-kind. The fact that Greenham was a women only camp many people thought that it had become feminist. To a large extent this is true because, at the camp, the women emphasized the need of women to be deeply involved in politics and leadership roles within the community. Others chose to feminize the feminine protests in the by arguing that the camp taught the women the importance of caring for one another and supporting one another even in difficult times. This was a view held by the radical feminists like Reger, (2005). It is of exceptional significance to note that, from 1983, there was a sharp increase of activities by groups whose agendas were feministic There was a big wave of feminism, both in support of women’s empowerment and development, as well as in support of the cause of the Greenham Common Women’

Risk-managemnt policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk-managemnt policy - Case Study Example Another breach that the organization endured during the course of its operations was an inside job where personal data was stolen. This was achieved through the weak access-control policies that are utilized within the organization which allowed unauthorized individual access to valuable data (Case Study). This paper dwells on ascertaining whether the policy implemented will be effective in ensuring that the customer and organization’s information is adequately secured from future security breaches. This policy will be important because it will help in restoring the customers confidence in the organization’s handling of their confidential data and financial assets. It is also vital since it provides authority and accountability to specific people concerning the authority of disclosing or sharing the information in the organization. According to Calder, Watkins & Watkins, the organizations governing body has to give powers along with the necessary authority to a system administrator who will be the only person who can access the organization’s data. The security on the organization’s customer’s confidential information will be enforced through the use of passwords which will remain known only to their systems administrator (2010). In addition, the systems administrator within the organization will be solely responsible for disclosing any information to any authorized personnel who may require it. To enhance the data’s security further, the syst em administrator will be required to utilize several data encryption techniques. This will include encryption techniques like the creation of block ciphers, feistel cipher structures and the utilization of other advanced encryption standards. These techniques will help in ensuring that unauthorized people within the organization cannot interpret the meaning of the data. This will further prevent them from

Environmental issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental issue - Essay Example These inventions have resulted to overexploitation of the environment leading it to degrade at a great speed, posing environmental discomfort. One of the most common issues of the environment include those which are related to climatic changes which are experienced by different people within their different environment. Climatic changes have contributed to unnecessary stress on the environment while people seek to establish themselves in their areas of residence. In view of this, governments have been forced to look for means and ways to minimise environmental degradation and in the USA and other developed nations this dates back to 1970 when environmental states were created (Pisupati, 2008 p12). In analysing the problem of the environment, there are several perspectives that can be used and in our case, we will use the administrative rationalism versus market based perspectives. When the economy is left to be controlled by the free forces of the market it is bound to collapse as wi th the great depression that lasted from 1929 to 1943, and with the market environmental degradation is bound to happen since environment is viewed as a common good hence the idea of â€Å"tragedy of the commons† come along (Robb, & Colorado General Assembly, 2009). Administrative rationalism

Should United States governors balance their budgets by raising taxes, Research Paper

Should United States governors balance their budgets by raising taxes, cutting spending, or a combination of both - Research Paper Example It is only natural to realize that some things that have happened in the past will directly affect what happens in the future. Therefore, one has to consider specific scenarios that have occurred in the United States which began in the 1980s with the mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, and buy-outs. Nothing happens without future consequences. Mergers, acquisitions, takeovers, and buy-outs are all a part of the business â€Å"game.† It’s merle an exchange of ownership that commonly involves stocks and assets that are transferred to another owner in exchange for up front cash or stock options in most cases that benefit high level executives. The â€Å"game† presents no investment in the future of the company or corporation, its merle an exchange of wealth. This scenario contributes many problems to the current operating business atmosphere. Mergers bring about immediate economic problems that include, loss of markets to foreign competitors, continuing trade deficits, inadequate operating capital, declining productivity, debt heavy corporations, and loss of many jobs. The debt is due mainly to financing in order to carry out the merger. These problems plus lagging research and development add to the complications of business operations after the merger is finalized.Another factor that has played a significant role in the situation of state and federal government budgets now are government financial bailouts. The first of these was the Savings and Loan Bailout of 1989 due to more than half of America’s Savings and Loans failing between 1986 and 1989. This was primarily due to lax government lending policies. These business bailouts have directly affected the budget, deficits, and economic stability of our federal and state governm ents. The US passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act in October 2008 for a $700 billion financial sector bailout. This resulted in the bank rescue of 2008, which called for a $250 billion cash infusion into the banking system. The bailout of Bear Stearns in April 2008 ended in lending the firm $29 billion to JP Morgan to buy the troubled firm. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac collapsed in the late summer of 2008. The federal government committed up to $200 billion to save both these giant mortgage lenders. Also $100 billion in cash credits was guaranteed to each of them to prevent bankruptcy. In September 20089 the federal government took control of American International Group (AIG), who was one of the largest insurance companies in the world. The government took control of the company and guaranteed them $85 billion in loans. In addition, the government took a 70.9 percent equity position in AIG, making this the first time in history that the government controlled a private insu rance firm. These are all major contributors to the economic environment of today. Can the government continue to bail out troubled businesses and over-extend themselves’ with even more debt? Economics is unpredictable and no one can say what the future holds. But within this scenario, the federal and state budgets and deficits have to be controlled by some means. With these factors in mind, would an increase of taxes on a federal and state level fuel the growth of the economy? In retrospect the government must look for ways to cut budget spending with little or no detrimental feedback to private businesses and corporations. It’s the common public consensus that government, both federal and state, need to make cuts; and unnecessary government spending seems to be one option. There are several arguments about government bureaucracy, but its obvious that there is a great set up for civil servants. When hired, they are put on probation for one year, after that they are gr anted tenure unless they do something illegal or make an unforgiveable error; their job security is all but ensured. This alone, would prevent federal and state representatives from

Are Human Beings Co-Creators Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10250 words

Are Human Beings Co-Creators - Dissertation Example A theological work starts with description of a method through which analysis and discussion occurs. In the present paper the point of discussion and analysis is about the creator or co-creator status of human beings from the theological perspective. The important method necessary in this paper will be narration that makes the reader to understand the task of theology as well as addressing the human concerns of ultimate reality. According to Abdul-Masih, Marguerite (2001), opines that the scientific reasoning as well spiritual analysis is important in discussing or analyzing the topic. The philosophical reasoning should accompany the reasoning mentioned above. However, too much demanding of scientific evidence may distort theological arguments. In order to discuss the creative nature or creator status of human beings, the definition of creator is important and that decides the course of discussion and analysis. In defining creator, there exists two types of definitions; one being understood by materialistic proofs and other that is not possible to understand under materialistic or physical laws that govern the 3 dimensional worlds. Hence, let us take creator as the entity that can produce everything from nothing and the other, which can create things from some other matter that already exists. The former definition has no materialistic proof and human beings can create nothing from nothing. The understanding of truths depends on contemporary technology and thus the aspects of theology changes from time to time. The aspects of theology even depend on technical terminology that define mortal/venial sin, angels etc. The understanding of creation or creator depends at the heart and mind of the faithful people as well as their s cope of understanding. When the sensitivity of spirit comes to the fore, the foundations of faith, experience of grace etc are important and discussion as well as analysis takes the above aspects into consideration. Hence, the analysis and discussion in this paper will take into consideration the value for the creators and the utility of creation. It is better to start the paper with discussion of human dignity that is associated with creation (Pekarske, Daniel T (Author), 2002).

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example However, the regulatory requirements are essential because they protect entrepreneurs from competitive barriers; thus allowing the entrepreneur to compete favorably in the health care market. An entrepreneur will benefit from regulatory requirements; thus enabling the entrepreneur to achieve varied opportunities in the health care sector. The health care entrepreneurs can communicate and manage ethics effectively; thus establishing solid ethical and legal foundation. Communication in the workplace is essential because it will enable the employees and employers to understand one another. Managing ethics is one way through which an entrepreneur can establish solid legal foundation. Therefore, entrepreneurs should align the organizational goals and the labor force. This is imperative because it offers a solid foundation through which entrepreneurs can build effective, ethical decision-making and communicate about effective legal requirements. Morrison (32) argues that managing ethics in an organization is crucial because it builds solid code of conduct; thus guiding employees towards effective organizational performance. Therefore, communication and aligning the code of conducts with the organizational requirement can reaffirm the organizational values. Establishing solid ethical and legal foundation can foster a high l evel of trust in the health care organization; thus contributing to successful organization

How Do We Solve a Problem Like....Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

How Do We Solve a Problem Like.Stereotypes Essay We can say that stereotypes are based in some kernel of truth. Some stereotypes are self-perpetuating, but is it up to the minority itself to regulate and stop those who perpetuate certain stereotypes? Can you tell one group of a minority to stop acting a certain way, to stop dressing a certain way, to stop talking a certain way? Would it really be better for society if we took out the kernels causing all the self-perpetuating problems? I believe the first step is in recognizing the stereotypes and prejudices we believe. From there, the process of eliminating them involves confronting your beliefs by meeting people that are different from you or challenge your thinking. Communication and being able to meet people who are not exactly like us are key factors in breaking down the walls of prejudice that we have made comfortable for ourselves. This class, I believe, is one step in the process, in getting us to step outside of our comfortable little worlds and discuss, see, and hopefully understand points of view and experiences that are shaped by the prejudices we have and the stereotypes we have made. I grew up about fifteen minutes north of NW Oklahoma City, and about fifteen minutes west of Edmond in the community of Deer Creek. Through the oil boom in the 70s and early 80s, Deer Creek started to become more and more of a white flight community of executives, business owners, and oil men than even Edmond. The majority of my school was white with a few racial minorities. No one in the late 90s had come out as gay in my high school, though the people that were assumed gay werent ever treated negatively to my knowledge. I literally had a white, middle to upper-middle class, heteronormativeexistence the first 18 years of my life. Then I came to college. Oh, here is where we might speak of the evils of the college world where students are subjected to such horrid liberal ideas that, dare we say it, challenge our thinking and beliefs. That is if I was prone to speaking ill of such an idea. It was through meeting other people not like my high school self that I began to be able to question why I had such beliefs about people. http://overmediated.blogspot.com/2009/06/how-are-stereotypes-formed-who-has.html Now, the question is: What would be a solution for stereotyping.? In some cases, eliminating the ignorance associated with social stereotypes is probable, but there is also just as great a chance that the inductee or ethnographers, will turn against them vehemently Much depends upon the purpose and the mission of the ethnographer. Whether a new understanding of any social group or sect will bring about greater tolerance is a passion many seek. Through the development of any such ethnographic abilities, the sacredness of all life will be intimately recognized and appreciated. Good question. Source(s): http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110206145145AAnHV41 http://www.ehow.com/how_2081756_stop-stereotyping-people.html Appearance * Appearance creates stereotypes in society that exist outside of gender, race or traditional social standing. These stereotypes are designed to help society place an individual within a group of people in the society for identification purposes. For instance, a person who has a large amount of visible tattoos may be stereotyped as a threatening or bad person by a segment of society while someone in a business suit may be stereotyped as trustworthy. Without further investigation beyond the initial appearance of an individual, the person using the stereotype may not know that the person with the tattoos is the leader of a local Parent Teacher Organization or that the person in the business suit is a bank robber. A stereotype based on appearance can negatively impact a persons social standing or opportunities for jobs. Read more: The Effects of Stereotyping In America | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8563840_effects-stereotyping-america.html#ixzz2Lu64onkh nyone and everyone are getting them, as there no longer is a â€Å"type† to get tattoos. Unfortunately, employers still have a say about the acceptability of tattoos if it is in their dress code. They can say no to visible tattoos as long as they are consistent across the board about it.

Twentieth century Drama Essay Example for Free

Twentieth century Drama Essay When I wrote my additional scenes I wanted to portray an image of two different families, one wealthy, the other quite poor. I chose to do the twins birthday because I felt that this would be a perfect example of showing the differences and introducing the class division issues. When writing my additional scenes I had to consider many aspects of the play. For example The plot; characters and action; setting; themes; language; dramatic devices and stagecraft also, the writers intended effect on the audience. The plot of my additional scenes looks at Mickey and Eddies two, very different birthday celebrations. It comes into the play some years after they decided to become blood brothers. I intend my scene to make the audience stop and think about the way people are treated in our generation because of their class. When reading the play written by Willy Russell I noticed that Mrs Lyons is seen who is a character with severe mental issues. She can break down very easily and can get extremely paranoid at the slightest thing. I decided to use her character in my scene because I feel that she is the best character for acting out. If I was to act out my scene I would enjoy playing Mrs Lyons as she can be very dramatic and I think that is a good quality in a character. Adults would play the part of the children in my play because I dont feel that Children under the age of thirteen can fully understand these types of issues let alone be able to freely act them out in front of a wide audience. I think that if I were to make my scenes into part of a theatre production, I would not want any props, backdrops or extravagant scenery. I feel that when acting with only yourself and the other characters, the audience will be focusing more on the ideas of the play rather than the sparkly props or fancy scenery. For Mickeys party I would use happy type of music all the way through, but for the parts in Eddies Party where it is dramatic, I would use eerie sounding music for when Mrs Lyons is having a mental stage. I think the difference between the boys lifestyle is immense and I think it would be appropriate to show this and display those differences clearly because of the two mothers ways of bringing up the twins. I think that because Mickey had such a poor lifestyle compared to Eddie and not as many opportunities he is not as well experienced. Although, I do think that Mickey would be a lot more streetwise than Eddie and therefore knows what life is like on the rough side of things. Eddie and Mrs Lyons use Standard English in this play, whereas Mickey and Mrs Lyons use non-standard English. This is another form of class division, showing that wealthy people generally speak more proper and poorer people speak with a more common language. I havent used any dance or song in my scenes, because I wanted to focus on the less happy side of the play and feeling that the boys are split up and should be together on their special day, celebrating together, but they are forced to be apart because of their mothers deadly secret. I think the song at the beginning of the play is very well written and I think that the dancing a singing is symbolic and represent hope and the struggle people make to rise above the restrictions of their daily circumstances. I think that the scenes I have written are symbolic in showing the differences in classes and how different one life can be from leaving one family and moving into another, but the way each of the siblings stand up for each other as if its life or death. Not even knowing that they are truly blood brothers.

1,2,4-Oxadiazole Moiety Molecules Synthesis for Cancer

1,2,4-Oxadiazole Moiety Molecules Synthesis for Cancer 2.4. Synthesis of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives for their MTT assay using MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and degradation of DNA in EAT cells 2.4.1. INTRODUCTION In the biological and pharmacological importance, heterocycles plays a significance role. Oxadiazole molecules show biologically activity includes angiogenesis inhibitor [246] and also HIV inhibitor [247], tyrosine kinase inhibition [45], histamine H3 antagonism [48], muscarinic agonism [49], potent histamine H2 receptor antagonists [50, 51], muscarinic receptor antagonists [53, 54], interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor antagonists [65], cytotoxic activities [68], monoamine oxidase inhibition [66], potent therapeutic agents for prostate cancer [72], anticonvulsant activity [67], tumor-selective and apoptosis-inducing agents [70, 71], antitumor [4f] and apoptosis-inducing anticancer agents [73, 74]. Breast cancer is a most terrifying disease in which cells in breast tissue grow and divide without normal control. This type of growth of cells without control forms a lump called tumor. In breast cancer, tumors are called benign or malignant. Malignant tumors will grow by eating food. They get the food by forming new blood vessels in a process called angiogenesis. These blood vessels are the main reason to promote the growth of the tumors. After this tumor growing it will spread to nearby tissue, which is called as invasion. The breakage of main tumor cells will spread into other parts of the body and it will lead to metastatic breast cancer. This happens through blood stream or lymphatic system and this process is called metastasis. The main disadvantage of the malignant breast cancer is dividing and grows out of control which leads to form number of new tumors. If those new tumors are in other parts of the body, then also we call those as breast cancer. Especially in women, breast cancer leading to the cause of cancer related death. In developing and developed countries, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy type diagnosed disease in women. In India breast cancer is the most discussing problem in the current health problem (248). By the survey conceded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the percentage of breast cancer patients has been nearly doubled. In the past few years nearly one lakh new patients are being detected from 1985 to 2001 (249, 250). It has been estimated that the breast cancer in 2004 is nearly 90,273 and they predicted that in 2015 the patient’s number may be nearly 1, 12,680 (251). Due to the damage in DNA, normal cells will become cancer cells. DNA is present in every cell and it directs to all its actions. When DNA gets damaged in normal cells, the cell either repairs the damage or it dies. But in the cancer cells, damaged DNA is not repaired. The damaged cell undergoes splitting. As a result cell goes on making new cells that the body doesn’t need and those cells have same damaged DNA as the first cells does. This conjecture the design and synthesis of new anticancer drugs, and drug combination and treatment modalities is still the need for effective treatment of breast cancer patients [252]. 1,2,4-Oxadiazole moiety molecules show signs of vide variety of biological activities [40, 253-255]. In connection to the above studies, our molecules are subjected to the angiogenesis using MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and degradation of DNA studies using in EAT cells. 2.4.2. MATERIALS Melting points were recorded (uncorrected) on a Buchi Melting Point B-545 instrument. Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded using a Jasco FTIR-4100 series. All reagents and solvents used were commercially procured and used as received. 1H-NMR spectra’s were recorded on Shimadzu AMX-400-Bruker with 400 MHz with TMS as internal standard. The 13C NMR spectra were examined on a Bruker DPX-400 at 100.6 MHz. The mass spectra were recorded on a JEOL JMS-AX505HA mass spectrometer. 2.4.3. EXPERIMENTAL 2.4.3.1. Chemistry General procedure for synthesis of (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2). A solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.529 g, 22.004 mmol) (2.5eq) and sodium carbonate (1.492 g, 14.082 mmol) (1.6eq) was taken in a round bottom flask. Stir for 10min to dissolve completely, then to this mixture 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile (1) (2.0 g, 8.801 mmol) (1.0 eq) is dissolved with ethanol was added. Then the mixture is heated to 60 0C about 5-6 hr. After that the steps forward of the reaction fusion was examined by the thin layer chromatography (TLC). After reaction completion, the solvent and the product was separated in vacuum pump under reduced pressure. Then the product was poured to water and extracted with ethyl ethanoate. The organic layer was washed 2-3 times with distilled water. The organic layer was washed 2-3 times with distilled water. The extracted ethyl ethanoate layer was dried over sodium sulphate (anhydrous) and the solvent was evaporated to get (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hyd roxybenzimidamide (2). 2.4.3.2. Synthesis of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole 4(a-f) derivatives. (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2) (1.0 eq) is dissolved in dry dichloromethane and cooled to 0-5 0C in ice bath. Then N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.1 eq) was added to cold reaction mixture and stirred for 10 minutes, then different aromatic acid chlorides (3a-e) (1 eq) were added. The reaction mixture was allowed to room temperature under stirring for 5-6 hr. After that the steps forward of the reaction fusion was examined by the thin layer chromatography (TLC). After reaction completion, the solvent and the product was separated in vacuum pump under reduced pressure. Then the product was poured to water and extracted with ethyl ethanoate. The organic layer was washed 2-3 times with distilled water. The organic layer was washed 2-3 times with distilled water. The extracted ethyl ethanoate layer was dried over sodium sulphate (anhydrous) and the product was purified with the help of column chromatography over silica gel (60-120 mesh) using hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). Scheme 1. Reagents and conditions: (i) Sodium carbonate, water, ethanol, 60 0C, 6 h; (ii) dichloromethane, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 0-5 0C, 6 h; 3(a-e) Where 3a = 4-chloro benzoyl chloride; 3b = 4-Fluoro benzoyl chloride; 3c = 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride; 3d = 4-Fluoro-3-Nitrobenzoyl chloride; 3e = 4-EthylPhenylbenzoyl chloride. 2.4.3.2.1. Synthesis of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (4a) Pale yellow color from (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2) (0.1 g, 0.384 mmol), 4-chlorobenzoylchloride (3a) (0.067 g, 0.384 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.049 g, 0.461 mmol). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.32 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.75 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 7.70, (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.55 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.50 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 7.35 (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.30 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 5.05 (d, 1H, pyrrole-H), 2.56-2.30 (d, 4H, pyrrole-H); MS (ESI) m/z: 381.081 (100.0%), Anal. calcd. for C20H14ClFN4O (in %): C- 63.08, H- 3.71, N- 14.71. 2.4.3.2.2. Synthesis of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (4b) Orange color from (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2) (0.1 g, 0.384 mmol), 4-Fluoro benzoyl chloride (3b) (0.060 g, 0.384 mmol)and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.049 g, 0.461 mmol). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.31 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.30 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 7.72, (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.56 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.34 (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.31 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.29 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 5.02 (d, 1H, pyrrole-H), 2.58-2.31 (d, 4H, pyrrole-H); MS (ESI) m/z: 365.114 (100.0%), Anal. calcd. for C20H14F2N4O (in %): C- 65.93, H- 3.87, N- 15.38. 2.4.3.2.3. Synthesis of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (4c) Dark brown color from (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2) (0.1 g, 0.384 mmol), 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (3c) (0.080 g, 0.384 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.049 g, 0.461 mmol). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.33 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 8.10 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 7.74 (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.70 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 7.58 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.37 (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.33 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 5.06 (d, 1H, pyrrole-H), 2.59-2.29 (d, 4H, pyrrole-H); MS (ESI) m/z: 415.110 (100.0%), Anal. calcd. for C21H14F4N4O (in %): C- 60.87, H- 3.41, N- 13.52. 2.4.3.2.4. Synthesis of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (4d) Pale yellow color from (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2) (0.1 g, 0.384 mmol), 4-Fluoro-3-Nitrobenzoyl chloride (3d) (0.078 g, 0.384 mmol)and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.049 g, 0.461 mmol). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.71 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 8.65 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 8.34 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.74 (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.61 (dd, 1H, Ar-H), 7.58 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.37 (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.33 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 5.06 (d, 1H, pyrrole-H), 2.59-2.29 (d, 4H, pyrrole-H); MS (ESI) m/z: 410.099 (100.0%), Anal. calcd. for C20H13F2N5O3 (in %): C- 58.68, H- 3.20, N- 13.52. 2.4.3.2.5. Synthesis of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(5-ethyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (4e). White color from (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2) (0.1 g, 0.384 mmol), 4-EthylPhenylbenzoyl chloride (3e) (0.094 g, 0.384 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.049 g, 0.461 mmol). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.31 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.95 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.80 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 7.75 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.72, (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.53 (dd, 2H, Ar-H), 7.56 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.45 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.34 (d, 1H, imid-H), 7.30 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 7.31 (d, 1H, Ar-H), 5.03 (d, 1H, pyrrole-H), 2.65 (q, 2H, -CH2), 2.58-2.31 (d, 4H, pyrrole-H), 1.27 (t, 3H, -CH3),; MS (ESI) m/z: 451.186 (100.0%), Anal. calcd. for C28H23FN4O (in %): C- 74.65, H- 5.15, N- 12.44. 2.4.4. Biology 2.4.4.1. Culture of MCF-7 cells: MCF-7 cells were cultured with minor modification in Minimal Essential medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100units/ml penicillin-G, 100  µg/ml streptomycin and 1% sodium bicarbonate (Invitrogen). MCF-7 cells were obtained from Cell repository unit of National Center for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune, India. All cell lines were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 [256]. 2.4.4.2. Culture of EAT cells: Animals, in vivo tumor generation and imidazole derivatives treatment Six to eight weeks old female mice were acclimated for one week while caged in-group of five. Mice were housed and fed a diet of animal chow and water ad libitum throughout the experiment. All the experiments were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of the University of Mysore, Mysore, India. Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cells (5Ãâ€"106 cells/mouse) were injected intraperitoneally. These cells grow in mouse peritoneum forming an ascites tumor with massive abdominal swelling. The animals showed a dramatic increase in body weight over the growth period and the animals succumbed to the tumor burden 14–16 days after implantation. 2.4.4.2.1. Isolation of EAT cells from mice peritoneal cavity and compound treatment: From the peritoneal cavity of tumor-bearing mice the EAT cells were isolated (control and treated). 2-3 mm of sterile PBS was injected in to the peritoneal cavity of the mice and the peritoneal fluid containing tumor cells withdrawn, collect in sterile petri dishes and incubated at 370C for 2 h. The cells of macrophage linage adhered to the bottom of Petri dishes. The non-adherent population was aspirated out gently and washed repeatedly with PBS. Moreover, viability of these cells was assessed and was found to be >95% by trypan blue dye exclusion. The viable EAT cells were processed for further experiments. The EAT cells (5 x 106) were treated with or without compounds of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole series 4(a-e) and incubated at 370 C for different time interval or for known period of time. After the incubation period the cells w ere used for the further analysis [258]. 2.4.4.2.2. Cell count by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. EAT cells were treated with different concentrations of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds 4(a-e) at various time periods (0–4 h). Cell viability was assessed by mixing aliquots of cell suspension with 0.4% trypan blue and counted using heamocytometer. Cells that picked up the dye were considered to be dead [259(a)]. 2.4.5. Result and Discussion 2.4.5.1. Chemistry Synthesis of the key intermediate (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2) is outlined in Scheme 1. Briefly, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate was taken in water and stirred. 4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile (1) was dissolved in ethanol and added to the reaction mixture. The presence of –NH2 and =N-OH proton peaks NMR spectra indicates the formation of (Z)-4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzimidamide (2). The key intermediate compound (2) was taken in dry dichloromethane and cooled to 0-5 0C, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine was added. Stirred for 10 min, then different aromatic acid chlorides 3(a-e) was added drop by drop. The reaction mixture was allowed to room temperature under stirring for 5-6 h and after that the steps forward of the reaction fusion was examined by the thin layer chromatography (TLC). After reaction completion, the solvent and th e product was separated in vacuum pump under reduced pressure. Then the product was poured to water and extracted with ethyl ethanoate. The organic layer was washed 2-3 times with distilled water to get target 3-(4-(3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propyl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole 4(a-e). Upon completion crude products 4(a-e) were obtained with a good yield of 81–93% and which the product was purified with the help of column chromatography over silica gel (60-120 mesh) using hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1). The absence of –CO proton peak in synthesized derivatives in 1H spectra confirmed the identity of the products. The details of chemical structures, physical data and purity of compounds are given in Table 1. Compound R1 Yield MP (oC) Purity 4a 90 277 90 4b 85 100 93 4c 81 110 89 4d 82 142 92 4e 79 95 81 Table 1. Chemical structures, physical data and purity of compounds 4(a–e) 2.4.5.2. Biology 2.4.5.2.1. MTT assay: The MTT assay was performed according to the protocol previously reported [257]. MCF-7 cells were plated at a density of 1 X 105 cells in 96-well plates. (Subsequently, the 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole series 4(a-e) were assayed using concentrations from 0.05 to 0.5 mM). After 24 h of incubation, 10  µL of 5% 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (Sigma Aldrich) (0.05 mg/mL) were added to the culture medium. After 4 h at 370C the culture medium was removed and 200  µL of DMSO were added to dissolve the salts of formazan. The absorbance was measured with a 96-wells plate spectrophotometer at 570 nm. The experiments were independently performed three times and each experiment contained triple replicates. Control samples containing a complete culture medium devoid of cells or control cells with 0.1% DMSO were also included in each experiment. Figure 1. The MTT assay of compounds 4(a-e) in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Sl.No. Name of the compound IC50 Value 1 Cisplatin 10ÃŽ ¼g 2 4a 100ug 3 4b 200ug 4 4c 100ug 5 4d 800ug 6 4e 200ug Table 2. Compounds 4(a-e) and their IC50 value ( µg/ml) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. 2.4.5.3. DNA fragmentation assay: EAT cells were collected from mice treated with or without 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole series 4(a-e). Thein vivo and DNA was isolated using the phenol–chloroform method. In brief, cells were lysed in a buffer containing 50mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.0, and 0.5% SDS, and incubated for 30min at 37 °C. The cell lysate was subjected to 8M potassium acetate precipitation and left for 1h at 4 °C. The supernatant was subjected to phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) extraction and once to chloroform extraction. DNA was precipitated by adding 1:2 volumes of ice-cold ethanol. The precipitated DNA was dissolved in 50ÃŽ ¼L TE buffer (pH 8.0). The DNA was digested with 20ÃŽ ¼g/mL RNase at 37 °C for 1h. The DNA was quantitated and equal concentration of DNA (25ÃŽ ¼g) was resolved on 1.5% agarose gel, viewed under UV light, and documented using BIORAD gel documentation system Figure 2 [259(b)]. Figure 2. The DNA degradation of compounds 4(a-e) in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cells. Conclusion: A series of 3-(4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 4(a-e) has been synthesized by using simple synthetic procedures and were screened for their MTT assay using MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and degradation of DNA in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) cells activity. All the final compounds exhibited good in all the in-vitro activity.

Hound Of The Baskervilles Essay -- essays research papers

SUMMARY Entering the office and showing Holmes and Watson an 18th century manuscript, Dr. James Mortimer tells the myth of Hugo Baskerville. Hugo captured and imprisoned a young country girl at his estate in Devonshire. He then became the victim of a hound of hell as he chased her along the lonesome moors late one night. Ever since that day, James Mortimer reports, the Baskerville family has been haunted by a mysterious and supernatural black hound. The recent death of Sir Charles Baskerville has brought back suspicions and fears. The next of kin, Holmes and Watson find out, has arrived in London to take up his post at Baskerville Hall, but he has already been intimidated by an anonymous warning note and the theft of a shoe. The duo quickly discovers that Sir Henry Baskerville is being followed in London by a mysterious bearded stranger, and they speculate as to whether the mystery man is a friend or an enemy. Holmes, however, says he is too busy in London to accompany Mortimer and Sir Henry to Devonshire to investigate the bottom of the case, so he sends Dr. Watson to be his eyes and ears, asking him to report back regularly. Arriving in Devonshire, Watson discovers a state of emergency, with armed guards on the lookout for an escaped prisoner wandering the moors. He meets potential suspects in Mr. Barrymore and Mrs. Barrymore, Mr. Jack Stapleton and his sister Beryl, Baskerville neighbours. A series of mysteries happen: Barrymore is caught lurking around the mansion at ni...

Essay --

Over the past decade it has been recorded that the elephant population has dropped by 62%. In 1977, 1.3 million elephants roamed the great plains of Africa. By 1997, only 60 thousand remained and by 2006, there were only 10 thousand wild elephants left in Africa. Unfortunately, these numbers are not getting any better. Today elephant poaching is illegal, but that is not stopping it from happening. Both African and Asian elephants are still being killed for their valuable tusks. The tusks of elephants are created of ivory. This has been an extremely valuable substance for years and killing elephants is one of the few ways people can obtain it. Money drives our world and our economy, so people will do a lot in order to get the money they want. That’s not the only cause of this epidemic, though. Not only do poachers want the elephant’s large tusks, but some hunters also consider elephants as a trophy animal. This means that people are killing elephants so they can bring t hem home and put their heads on display. It’s a way to gloat and illustrate their hunting skills. This pursuit of ivory and trophies by hunters is further damaging our ecosystem as well as the mental and emotional stability of elephants around the world. Research has now been able to help prove that elephants do not only suffer Physical damage from poaching, but they are also suffering from mental and emotional damage. After years of studying these enormous beauties, scientists have discovered that elephants are capable of complex thought and deep feeling of emotions, emotions being plural. Research has proven that elephants’ have a variety of emotions that they express during different times and situations in the wild. They react to events in a way that is so cl... ...a huge accomplishment to take down one of the biggest animals in the world. It illustrates the hunter’s strength, patience, and talent. Most trophy hunters would love to have an elephant to show. Hunts are usually supervised by a game warden. A technician also accompanies the hunters in order to make legal trophies, usually from the tusks and the feet. The meat of the elephants is disrupted among local people in the area. This helps decrease waste from the elephant and helps use more than just the ivory. In some regions of Africa, large game hunts may help to also generate more income to average and below average villages than conventional agriculture. This is usually due to the challenging environment for successful crop growth. Drought has recently been a growing cause of these poor conditions. It is affecting the people, and the animals in this habitat greatly.

What’s so Amazing About Grace Book Report

Cameron Peterson Mr. Oswald Romans Period 4 11 January 2012 What’s So Amazing about Grace? Book Report What’s So Amazing about Grace? is a book written by Philip Yancey. It begins with a twisted story of a prostitute living on the streets. She is unable to feed her two-year old child and has to find another way to earn money. She could not think of any other alternatives and began selling her child out for prostitution. She could make much more money this way than she could in one night.The woman began counseling and when asked if she had ever considered going to church, her response was that attending church would only make her feel worse about herself. Yancey describes Earth as a place full of â€Å"ungrace†. This is a term that Yancey uses to describe the absence of grace. He goes on to talk about grace, calling it one of the last â€Å"unspoiled† words today and highlighting the lack of it among the church. Yancey says that the world is filled with ung race and that we live in an atmosphere full of it. We are in danger of it becoming normal to us, and being desensitized to the lack of grace in the world.Yancey uses a few examples to show us what grace should be like in the world we live in. He gives an example using the movie Babette’s Feast. He shows that grace is something given with no strings attached or charge. In the movie, grace is given to those who definitely do not deserve it. In fact, these people barely know how to receive grace in the first place. Yancey also uses Jesus’ parables as examples for grace. One example he uses is the parable of the lost sheep. He explains that the shepherd shows grace to the one sheep that was lost among the other ninety-nine sheep.He points out that grace is not mathematical, and that it is not logical. Yancey tells us that this is what grace is truly about. Illogical giving with no strings attached. Yancey also talks about how grace is for everybody. He uses Jesus as an exa mple many times. Never did Jesus tell someone that they could not be forgiven if they only came to Him. This all-extending property of grace is important to remember. Because Jesus extended grace to all, we should do the same. There are none who are not deserving or worthy of our grace. This is important for us to remember.It is true that grace does not come easy, and that it is not necessarily easy to give. Grace is not a small display of kindness; it is a sacrifice and a gift to others. Just as Jesus gave us the gift of grace by suffering and dying on the cross for us, we should be able to give gifts of grace at our own expense to others. I very much enjoyed this book and was spiritually moved by it. I agree with most of what Philip Yancey has to say about lack of grace not only in the church, but in the world also. In today’s day and age, it seems that everyone is in it for themselves.Most do not take the time of day to stop and give their grace to the needy. It helped to strengthen my view that all of deserving of grace and that we, as Christians, should be reading to give our grace to others. While I do support that idea that we need to cure the world of â€Å"ungrace†, I do not feel that we need to do this in order to earn God’s grace. This is a view that Yancey supports in the book and I do not happen to agree with it. Grace is in fact, a gift and it is not something we have to earn by giving other’s grace.By following God’s example, we should also give others this same grace God gave us, but it is not a requirement in order for us to receive His grace. Overall, I feel spiritually strengthened by this book and would encourage others to read it. While it was difficult to understand sometimes, a little wordy, I find that many would also enjoy this book. It offers a lot of insight into grace and how it can be a blessing in our lives, both by receiving it and giving it. Works Cited Yancey, Philip. What’s So Amazing about Grace?. Zondervan, 1997.

Examine the Conditions Essay

Although one could easily isolate several specific variables that aided the parties rise, such as the failure of the GMD (Nationalist Party) or even The May 4th Movement, one must look at it more broadly to understand the bigger picture of the circumstances. When looking at this bigger picture, one can identify many key conditions under the political, social and economic aspects of the circumstances. Political may perhaps be the most abundant area of conditions for this particular analysis, as it contains the most aspects and conditions, and can be analyzed through a sort of timeline or chain of events. For example, one of the aspects prior even to the rivalry between the CCP and the GMD was the weakness of the previous government. Two examples can be seen here, both when the government failed to address the poverty and situation of the peasants (the huge lower class) as well as when the â€Å"Imperial government in China†¦ introduced a series of reforms†¦but they wielded too little political power† (IB Packet, 62). This goes to show the downfall of the previous government, which then lead to the 1911 Revolution. This revolution, also called the â€Å"Revolution of the Double Tenth,† was caused mainly by the scholar’s disappointment in the failed reforms, the â€Å"severe flooding and harvest failure in the south† (IB Packet, 62) and just general revolutionary conspiracy by the army. In 1912, this resulted in Dr. Sun Yatsen’s ruling of the newly created Republic of China. â€Å"On December 25, Dr. Sun was elected the provisional president of the Republic of China† (Leung, 52). The Warlord Era†, in turn, followed this, between 1916-1927. Yuan Shikai became president after Dr. Sun resigned, only to die 4 years later (1912-1916 was his rule), and â€Å"After Yuan died, the nation disintegrated into warlord groups and territories† (Leung, 59). During this time period is when the May Fourth Movement emerged, where 5000 students â€Å"held a huge demonstration against the decision†¦ to accept Japanese control of the former German concessionsâ₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Leung, 65). This movement was a huge success in that gradually, people no longer bought Japanese goods, Cao Rulin resigned, and no Chinese representatives signed the Treaty of Versailles. According to Chinese today’s historians, the movement was a â€Å"turning point between the modern and contemporary history of their country† (Leung, 67). Again during the Warlord Era was the â€Å"First United Front†, during which the GMD and the CCP fought together against the Japanese invader, only to see Chiang Kaishek (leader of GMD) â€Å"order a massacre of thousands of CCP members† (IB Packet, 64) in 1927. Manchuria, being a Chinese region, was full of agricultural products, opportunities and even mineral/natural resources. Ergo, Japan wanted to capture it, and this conflict led to a larger scale war, and by the end, â€Å"The war with Japan had left China exhausted and weak† (Leung, 99). Thus, this gave the possibility to the CCP (because they took more advantage of it) to rise and take power over the GMD. Thus, the social and economic aspects of China in the time period also had a rather large effect on China becoming ruled by a single party rule governed by Mao. In conclusion, political, social and economic conditions in China were altogether very responsible for the rise of the CCP. From the civil war (political) to the runaway inflation (economic) and even to the bad relations between the GMD and scholars (social), all these aspects make up what was to become Mao Zedong’s rule. Failures, mainly from the part of the GMD, also helped the CCP rise, such as the non-acknowledgment of the peasantry or even the failure to wipe out the CCP during the White Terror.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in The Things They Carried Essay

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is a psychological disorder that involves extreme cases of anxiety. PTSD comes as a result of an individual’s experience of a highly distressing event wherein there was a threat of grievous physical harm and there was experience of intense psychological stress. An individual is diagnosed with PTSD based on the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-IV & DSM-IV-TR definitions. Diagnosis of PTSD   is given if an individual shows the following symptoms for a period of more than one month. First, the individual’s recurrent experience of the event after the actual occurrence perhaps through dreams, recollections, and experience of anxiety upon display of different items linked with the traumatic event. Second, the individual avoids or does not feel anything when presented with things and people that are emotionally linked to the traumatic event. This may also include feelings of being estranged from other people in the individuals’ surroundings. Third, the individual experiences a heightened sense of arousal thus probably causing sleeplessness, sudden bursts of emotion, hyper vigilance, and the like. And lastly, the individual find himself or herself unable to properly function in certain aspects of his or her life perhaps at work, at home, or in other social environments. The severity of the PTSD, whether acute or chronic, is assessed based on how long the given symptoms persist in the individual. An event which has come to be heavily associated with PTSD is war. A great number of literary pieces have been dedicated to this event and one such work is Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried. PTSD in relation to war is clearly seen in the different collections of stories compiled and written by Tim O’Brien in his book. One particular story found in the book that shows PTSD in the case of a war veteran is â€Å"Speaking of Courage†. The main character in this particular story is Norman Bowker. Symptoms of PTSD are clearly seen in his actions. Bowker is unmotivated, experiences confusion and mental chaos, feels estranged and isolated from others in his town and is also unable to obtain work. Social inhibitions that plague this character, which are clear signs of PTSD, are exemplified in his inability to properly order in a drive-thru restaurant. Instead of speaking through the intercom, he honks his horn at the waitress until he gets his order. He then proceeds to eat his food without moving his car and leaves only upon finishing his meal. (Examples of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in The Things They Carried; Tim O’Brien’s – The Things They Carried Eating Them Away) Bowker relives and is unable to move past the events of the war. He lives in a constant state of guilt because of his inability to prevent the death of his friend in Vietnam. The conclusion of Bowker’s story is suicide, an event that is not uncommon in cases of posttraumatic stress disorder. In the story â€Å"Stockings†, the main character named Henry Dobbins wrapped his girlfriend’s panty hose around his neck during battle supposedly as a good luck charm. He would also sleep with it against his face. Even after the war, when Dobbins and his girlfriend were no longer a couple, he still continued to sleep with and tie the stockings around his neck. Dobbins explains this act by the referral of the continued presence of the stocking’s magic. This shows an aspect of PTSD stated by the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM-IV & DSM-IV-TR wherein an individual experiencing the disorder experiences reactivity to objects linked with the traumatic event. The Things They Carried was clearly written by O’Brien with a theme in mind. That theme involves the experiences of war veterans after surviving the war. That is to say that the book depicts the effects of the war on the soldiers and the various individuals who were involved. Tim O’Brien particularly focuses on the psychological effects that the events of the war has left. The lives of the soldiers characterized in the stories are clear examples of emotional baggage carried by survivors of the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jim Neilson states in his article The Truth in Things: Personal Trauma as Historical Amnesia in The Things They Carried, the recurring them of the horrors of war. The explicit descriptions of the incidents that the characters experienced in the story were the author’s way of communicating to the audience how such events could lead to anxiety, distress, disorder, and even insanity. Andrew Morgan also acknowledges that in reality, war veterans who experienced the Vietnam War still live with the guilt and fears induced by that experience. They carry these memories with them and are unable to lead the same lives they used to have before joining the war. These are what caused them to eventual experience of PTSD, to eventual insanity, and for some even to suicide.   Posttraumatic stress disorder is indeed a problem that plagues many war veterans today. It is encompassing in its scope and affects all aspects of the lives of those experiencing it. Tim O’Brien paints for us, in The Things They Carried, a clear picture of what PTSD is, what instances can lead to it, and the ugliness that it brings in its wake. Works Cited American Psychiatric Association. â€Å"DSM-IV & DSM-IV-TR: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)† 2000 BehaveNet.com 11 December 2007 â€Å"Examples of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in The Things They Carried.† 123HelpMe.com 11 December 2007 . Morgan, Andrew. â€Å"The Things They Carried† Angelfire29 April 2003 11 December 2007 < http://www.angelfire.com/ga4/project1/research%20papers.htm#Christopher%20Luke%20Corno>. Neilson, Jim. â€Å"The Truth in Things: Personal Trauma As Historical Amnesia in The Things They Carried† Fortune City 11 December 2007 . â€Å"Tim O’Brien’s-The Things They Carried Eating Them Away†   Studyworld 11 December 2007

Children and Young People’s Workforce Essay

001.1.1-What are the different reasons people communicate? There are many reasons for people to communicate these could include, giving or receiving information in my setting with co workers for daily activites.This also could be used for receiving instructions. I would also need communication if I had concerns over a child or if I was unsure how to do a certain task. Communication is also vital for giving feedback to parents about what their child has done during their time in the nursery. This could be face to face or by the telephone, either way my communication must be positive. Non-verbal communication is sometimes greater than the spoken word. We use non verbal 65% of the time can be effective when communicating with any individual or persons in the child setting.Non-verbal communication can be effective if trying to explain shapes,directions,inner feelings and personality’s. Eye contact plays a big part when communicating with anyone. Its part of your facial expressions and body movements. eyes can be trusting and never lie; Children and co workers will need eye contact for good communication. Read more:  Identify the different reasons people communicate  essay Communicating with children in my setting could involve giving instructions, reading books, engaging with the children. Listening to what the children have to say. Facial expressions, tone of voice and posture will project how you are engaging in the conversation with the child. Using signs/pictures with children can be a form of communication, Talking at the child’s level will encourage them to feel confident and develop trust, which will lead to a healthy, happy relationship between us. Having the ability to sometimes use non verbal communication alongside verbal can help connect with children and co workers or parents. Sometimes bad behaviour will need good communication skills. Shouting should always be a LAST resort. Having time out or withdrawal from a activity may help. Sometimes we may need to ignore bad behaviour, This could be to get control back if a child is being disruptive and distracting other children. I think overall communication is vital in any setting. 001.2.3- Give some examples of when you might need to seek advice about communication. How would you go about this? Seeking advice is sometimes needed for support. If we didn’t seek advice then how would we know what to do? We should always ask for advice and help if needed.  This would cover a number of scenarios in the childcare setting some could include: Noticing if a child is acting differently or seems not their selves, I would have to seek advice with my co workers about how to look after the child or if they have noticed the child is behaving differently. I would ask questions about the child’s behaviour the day before to confirm that they are not themselves I’d possibly have to inform the child’s parents, if the child is unwell or has a injury at nursery. Also I may need advice if a child has a disability and I’m unsure how to look after the child, they may need special care and I may not know how to give it. I f we know all the things we need to know about the children we can work better together in the setting. This could be something simple as to if the child has an allergy to a certain food, or is on medication and needs it at specific times. I will need to seek advice on what to give and when and what foods they cannot have. Incase of an emergency I would need to seek advice regarding first aid and find the appropriate first aider in the setting. The more information we know the better we can be in our roles. It will increase confidence and your co workers will feel they can rely on you to do the task in hand. 001.3.1 What are the possible barriers to effective communication? I think there are many possible barriers that could affect communication some include: * Language. speaking in different languages or were a English is not a first language it can cause communication breakdown as its difficult to understand one another. To overcome the barriers we could speak slowly  and politely. We could try and get a translator in the setting, if there isn’t a translator then we would have to see what we can understand with the limited vocabulary. * Hearing difficulties. If a person is deaf or hard of hearing. The communication can be difficult. This is when seeking advice would come into play with co workers. Bringing in a signer would help; this would put you and the other individual at ease and make communicating a lot easier. * Noise. If the setting is noisy if someone or something is making loud noises when you’re trying to talk, then communication will fail. We could go into a quieter environment or if not ask the persons to possibly be abit quieter so you can speak, so the communication between myself and another person won’t be broken or interrupted. * Personality/interests .Personal likes and dislikes can cause barriers in conversation, people may have selective hearing if they think a certain subject is boring. It could make people feel ignored or not welcome if they don’t seem interested. Trying to reason with disagreements or different points of view and if not agree to disagree. Sometimes aggression can make people not want to communicate and push them out. They would not want to be in the same environment and would feel uncomfortable so I doubt they would want to have a conversation with any angry person. * Culture. Different cultures regulate the display of their emotions differently, some people display emotions in a debate, eg cry shout get angry or frustrated. They can show fear. Others may hide their emotions. To overcome any barriers or issues I would try to listen and understand and reason with the other person, and treat them how I would like to be treated. 001.3.4 What support and information services are available to enable more effective communication? I have had a look on the web for information services and support groups for effective communication. These are the ones I have found which would probably be more beneficial. * Braille. It is used by those who have visual impairments or blind. Braille is read by fingers touching raised dots containing two columns each with three dots. There are two types of Braille- grade 1 and grade 2. Grade 1 is letter by letter, which takes a lot of time to read. Grade 2 is faster as it combines letters commonly used together. The Braille system is a method that is widely used. It helps people to communicate, read and write. It is seen as a  alternative form of communication.(www.wikipedia.org 12/05/12)www.RNIB.org.uk 12/05/12 * BSL is another form of alternative communication. British sign language is a form of communication used by people who are hard of hearing or deaf. Sign language involves movement of the hands, body and head. It helps the deaf to communicate and connect with others around them. It is a visual mean of communication which uses gestures, facial expression and body language.(www.britishsignlanguage.com 12/05/12)www.asli.org.uk12/05/12 * Lip reading. Is used as communication. It is a technique of understanding speech by visually interpreting the movements of the lips, face and tongue. Lip readers who have grown up deaf may never have heard the spoken language and are unlikely to be fluent users of it. (www.lipreading.org.uk/lipreading 12/05/12) 001.4.1 What is meant by the term confidentiality? Confidentiality is a term used widely in a childcare setting. It means secret, private. It can be a meaning of trust. It can be any information regarding a child’s development. All the information about the children will be kept in a child’s record which will be kept in a secure place. All staff must be aware of the confidentiality policy and it must be enforced in the workplace. The nursery retains a copy of the information and the parents always keep originals. Confidentiality within a child setting means at no time must staff speak about outside of school. I could use a child’s information as part of proof for my college work but would have to use a different name and use them as a case study to help my studies. I would have to seek permission from school to gain access to this information 001.4.3 Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential, might need to be passed on. Confidential information must remain confidential unless a child’ safety is a t risk or for development purposes. By keeping things confidential you will gain a bond of trust between yourselves and parents and co workers. It protects staff aswell as children and their families. Another reason for sharing information could be to support learning, to check what level a child is at, also offering support from transition from pre-school to school, may need to speak to teacher regarding behaviour and also to ask previous staff about the child’s  behaviour so you can be in the know if any behavioural problems or background problem have been apparent. There could be something happening at home that possibly affecting a child at school†¦ ‘new baby, just moved house, mum and dad not getting on’ can all affect a child’s behaviour and may go un noticed to the parent but become noticeable in the childcare setting. This would be when confidentiality would be broken, as we would have to put the child’s interest first by speaking about it to a co worker for advice or support in dealing with the information you have found out. Everyone will be working together in best interest for the child. Sharing information maybe needed incase of emergency, for the welfare of the children. I may need to ask another teacher about a child’s medical condition or possibly a disability. The I am made aware of the procedures if a accident should occur and medical help or any other assistance is need from me. Research to prepare for verbal questions 001.1.2 Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your work. If you have effective communication in your work it will give your more confidence to ask for help/support. More confidence in your job, towards looking after children and it will put more confidence in your co workers as you will be punctual and competent at your job. You will know what is in place in your setting, which means you will know what’s safe and what’s not. 001.1.3 Why is it important to observe reactions when communicating? It is important to observe people when speaking to them to see if they are understanding and taking interest in what you are saying, you can do this by watching facial impressions, eye contact body language. These all play apart in communication.

ATT Income Report Assignment Example

AT&T Income Report The paper "ATT Income Report" is an extraordinary example of an assignment on finance and accounting. ATT Company has reported a net income for the fourth quarter of 2009 of $3 billion. This is a 26% increase as compared to the 2008. This has been attributed to the increase in mobile subscribers. The revenue of the company has fallen from $31.1 to $30.9 billion. The earnings per share was reported at $0.51 which met the expectation made by several business analysts. According to the company, the increase in income was fueled by broadband and mobile growth. During the fourth quarter, the company added 2.7 million subscribers. This was the second-best performance that the company has ever achieved. The increase was driven by the fast adoption of products by the apple company like e-readers, iPhone, and netbooks. The mobile operating revenue for the company increased by 7.6% from $12.9 billion in the 2008 fourth quarter to $13.8 billion in 2009 fourth quarter. Furthermore, the company activated about 3.1 million iPhones in the quarter. In the companys report, it assured its clients that it will offer the best services in iPad. The company has embraced the new innovation by Apple which has planned connectivity on its network. This was a report from John Stankey, the president of ATT Company. The company has an understood the technical operation of iPad thus will maximize on its usage. In addition, the mobile data revenue of ATT increased by 26.3% to $3.9 billion. The company had a solid year, 2009 and led the company to the biggest growth driver. The company is in a good position to provide for the high demand in connectivity of IP data and mobile broadband. Therefore, the company aims at adding vital mobile capacity in 2010.

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower Essay

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower - Essay Example an be produced in different scales namely large hydro (more than 10megawatts), small hydro (upto10 megawatts), micro hydro (up to 100kw), and pico hydro (up to 5kw). One major advantage of hydroelectric power is that the operational cost of a hydroelectric plant is almost immune to the increase in the cost of fossils fuel and, more so, absolutely no imports are required for the same. Hydropower is a clean source of energy with absolutely no emissions of Carbon Dioxide, and, therefore, no pollution to the environment. Global warming is also minimized. The hydropower dams can be used as a habitat for some fish and wildlife. More so, the water can be used for irrigation purposes, and they make the surrounding area around fertile (Ryan, 2009). Additionally, electricity can be produced at a constant rate and electricity generation can be stopped when it is not needed by closing sluice gates. Therefore, water can be stored for some time when there is less demand for electricity. Since dams can stay for a longer period it can be used to, store water there is no high demand of power. It is vital to note that many nations recommend hydropower because it does not emit any harmful chemicals and gases such as carbon dioxide and it is not a major contributor to global warming via carbon dioxide. Hydropower is a renewable source of energy or power because rivers and streams are naturally available. Further, hydropower is not expensive as compared to energy produced from nuclear energy or fossil fuels. The advantage of hydroelectric reservoirs is that they are able to tackle daily, seasonal, and peak loads. For instance, when the demand of electric falls, the reservoirs or dams store water while some installed electricity generators are used to store excess energy (Ryan, 2009). The cost of generating hydropower is low making it the most preferable source of the world’s renewable energy. Further, hydroelectric plants are said to have long economic lives with some plants

Leadership in The Healthcare Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Leadership in The Healthcare Sector - Essay Example These codes can be viewed as a formulation of personal responsibility. The most identifiable significance being the mode of commitment that an individual possesses. In general, sense the code possesses all aspects of professional situation as both a human and a proficient member of the organization. It is obvious that an organization is formed with human aspects and for an organization to become ethical, it is important the human aspects be indulged into following the code. It is imperative that these codes of ethics would be subjective and open to individual interpretations but it should also be noted that in such incident these codes, phrases, or word of the codes would be judged upon individual approach of humane solution. (Zimmerman, 2002) In this respect of Ethics and Leadership qualities of an organization, it would be relevant to mention the emergence of Professional Care Organization (PCO, a newly established health care organization). Its very existence may be definitely seen as a paradigm shift. The clientele is the public in need of medical treatment. The organization employs a staff of 120 professionals (doctors, paramedics, assistants, nurses, health-care assistants, and maintenance staff). PCO intends to become the leading health-care services provider in its region. It also plans to alter the general conception for high medical care costs by implementing a society benefit program that will allow to significantly reducing the patients' expenditures. The modern American health industry is going through a difficult period, one characterized by new concerns about rising health costs. The major concern that had directed medicine until that time was that Americans required more medical care-more than the marketplace would offer by itself. Now, however, worries about high expenditures are replacing concerns about expanding access. The country's focus turns to the matter of redundant procedures, excessive rates of surgery and hospitalization, and repetition of facilities and equipment. The appearance indicates the growing appeal of scientific and rational approaches to social concerns, including health related questions. PCO symbolizes a way to smooth the playing field and to bring arrangement and order as well as scientific reasoning to the, at times, inefficient health care system. Analytical foundation gives society a structure for posing a range of questions related to priority-establishment. It lets the public evaluate existing al ternatives, explore hypothetical

George Whashington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

George Whashington - Essay Example He was born the second child of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington in Westmoreland County Virginia in February 22, 1732 (The White House 4). Like any child in his day, he was educated at home under the diligent tutelage of his father and older brother. Being born in the family of farmers, his first interests are also on planting and agriculture. His manners, moral, and education embody that of an 18th century Virginia gentleman. Together with this passion, he also has two "intertwined interests" (The White House 6)-military arts and military expansion. He has been previously employed as a surveyor which geared him with the knowledge of the terrain in his homeland. During 1749, he was appointed as surveyor of then recently established Culpeper County where he became interested in Ohio Company which planned to exploit Western Land. From these humble occupations, he was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in 1754 and fought in the early series of French and Indian war. These exposures equipped him with the necessary skills of warfare and courage. During the following year, Washington "escaped injury although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him" (The White House 7). After his brother's death, he inherited part his estate together with his responsibility as the adjutant in the colony. At the age of 20, he became Major Washington and "was charged with training the militia in the qua rter assigned him" (George Washington 7). He became a Master Mason in Freemasons, a fraternal organization which had a lifelong influence in him. Washington served in the military during the seven years of French and Indian war. Between the war, he got acquainted with a widow named Martha Dandridge Custis who eventually became his wife. They got married on January 6, 1759 and moved to Mount Vernon where Washington began his career as a farmer and a political figure. Being married to a wealthy widow, Washington has been charged of tilling and managing thousands of acres of land. After his marriage, he has been devoted to a busy yet fulfilling life. However, he also shared the growing concerns of his fellow planters. Having been under British regulations, he also felt exploited by the British merchants because of the unfair practices and policies. In his quest of freeing himself and other planters of these restrictions, he took an active role in voicing out their concerns (The White House 10). He became a leader in the colonial resistance by introducing the proposal which called to boycott imported English goods. He was recognized by being very much passionate in pushing for his fellow planters' interests. When the fighting in the American Revolution broke out in 1775, Washington signaled his preparedness for war by appearing at the Second Continental Congress in his military uniform. Having the "prestige, the military experience, the charisma and military bearing," and "the reputation of a strong patriot" (George Washington 15) he was appointed Major General and elected by the congress as Commander-in-Chief. Thus, together with his troops, he embarked on war which lasted for six years. His efforts paid off because in 1781, he

Health Service Administration Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Service Administration - Term Paper Example Trends in the hospital sector can be inclusive of both positive and negative trends, where the positive ones relate to demographics and the negative to compensations. These trends have their benefits and disadvantages thus influencing performance. One of the trends relates to technological advancements where most hospitals are yet to be equipped with the current technology (Duggan, 2000). This is due to the expense of the tools and the craftsmanship.Besides this the global reach and the personalized care. The treatment to disease has expanded to most regions in the world and yet most chronic diseases are still a major concern. Individuals in most countries are not able to access proper medical care and others seek personalized services based on the social status. Thirdly, the aging population, chronic diseases, obesity and diabetes epidemics are trends in the hospital sector. This are put in place to measure and control the diseases as well as to give a proper analysis to the sector. One of the most important roles of hospitals includes training. They are actively involved in the teaching and instruction to medical and nursing staff. This ensures that there is active provision of medical facilities, health and welfare (Kessler & McClellan, 2002). The nursing homes provide exercise facilities to the nurses on the discharge of their knowledge and skills acquired. On the ground, the hospitals provide care to those who cannot access it and also participate in educating the society.

Experiential Accounting Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Experiential Accounting - Personal Statement Example I expect to learn from experiential accounting how to analyze financial information in order to make better decisions. The knowledge I gain from this course will help me become a better investor. I also expect to be exposed to the double entry journal system that accountants use on a daily basis. I hope to gain a good understanding of the four financial statements and learn the significance of GAAP rules. A trusted business advisor must be honest, reliable, and have the utmost ethical standards. The advisor must have lots of knowledge about business evidenced by a solid educational background such as holding an MBA degree. This person must have great communication skills and analytical abilities. He must be an active listener. A trusted advisor must build close relationships with the client based on a bond of trust. The advisor must keep confidentiality in all business affairs with the client. The advisor must also charge reasonable rates for his

Win the Contract for a small business (Small remote control aircraft Essay

Win the Contract for a small business (Small remote control aircraft capable of long sustained flights) - Essay Example The organization is trying to expand their business operations by competing for Department of Defense contracts. The organization is trying to bid on a contract which is worth of more than 600,000 US dollar. Simplified acquisition method will be appropriate in this case based on the business scenario as simplified acquisition provides effective and easiest pathway to several federal contracts for small businesses. The procurement process is quite narrow and various federal contracts are kept exclusively for smaller business units. The business will consider smaller dollar buys. Simplified acquisitions are generally reserved for smaller dollar buys. Moreover, they can be utilized for the purchase of various commercial goods priced as 5 million US dollar. The small business organization can reserve the services and supplies between 2500 US dollar and 100,000 US dollar through this simplified acquisition method. This simplified acquisition method will help the small organization to rese rve the services and supplies as long as the officer of federal contract can attain several competitive offers from more than one small organization. Simplified acquisition method does not stick to a specific set of buying process (Rumbaugh, 2010). Major advantage of this method is that government officials can develop and pay blanket purchase agreements, purchase cards, purchase orders and cash for simplified acquisition methods. The small business organization can present contracting officials along with a quotation in order to win the contract through simplified acquisition method. Question 2: Analyze all parts and sections of the uniform contract format that could present a problem in this scenario. Suggest how you will adjust your approach to turn the problems you have identified into strengths for your small company. There are four parts of Uniform Contact Format such as The Schedule, Contract Clauses, List of exhibits, documents and other attachments, and representations and instruction. The small business can face several problems associated with contract clauses. Several break free clauses can create payment and cost recovery issues. In lump-sum payment issues the contractors can be engaged by the hirer based on \several exclusive aspects. If the hirer decides that the services of contractors are not necessary for a long-term, they can terminate the contractors. In this case, the contractor needs to be compensated by the hirer with a lump-sum compensation amount. This compensation amount can cross the limit of 1000 US dollar against the termination (Clifford & Warner, 2008). This termination can result in huge operating cost that can affect the business performance of the small organization. On the other hand, cost recovery issue can be a serious problem that can affect the business performance of the small business organization. In cost recovery process, contractor can be engaged by the hirers within the organization. In this case, if the hirer decid es that the long-term contract with the contractor is not necessary for future and terminates the contractor before the contract period then the hirers need to compensate the contractors for each and every reasonable cost. However, in both these cases, the organization has to face huge loss that can affect the performance of organization. Moreover, it can reduce the business output. It is clear from above discussion that several contract clauses issues can limit the business output of the organization. The organization needs to build trust among every shareholder to overcome the issues. Breach of contract can create several legal challenges. The organization